6 32 29 3^ 36 24 b QUESTI 32 …
v o l e s e che quest o …
32 = o · 29 = l · 36 = s · 3 with a circumflex = e · b = che · a triangle = quest-

Paris → Rome · digit-pair syllabary with a nomenclator (Meister key no. 65) · early January 1591 · deciphered in part with a known key

Filippo Sega, Paris, early January 1591 (duplicate)

Filippo Sega
fromFilippo Sega

Go to the full text ↓

Eight pages of the nuncio’s cipher from League Paris under Navarre’s blockade were deciphered with a printed papal key by a contributor; about four fifths of the words read, the densest pages less.

Brice Dudout · posted

Method: read with known key · Extent: partial (83% of the cipher) · On the map

Contributed by Brice Dudout (new cipher with solution) · Also credited · George Lasry (pointer to a source) · Aloys Meister (key or decipherment used)

At a glanceKnown key applied · partial (83% of the cipher)

The letter
The duplicate (“Dupp.ta”) of a letter of Filippo Sega, Bishop of Piacenza, to an “Ill.mo et R.mo Mons.r”, written in Paris shortly after 20 December 1590 and dated early January 1591 by its content and its place in the volume. F. 49r is in clear; ff. 49v–54v are almost all cipher.
Where
Archivio Apostolico Vaticano, Segreteria di Stato, Francia 32, ff. 49r–54v; DECODE record R5615.
The cipher
Meister’s key no. 65, “cifra servita in legatione sub Sisto V”: letters as pairs of digits, vowels as signs on a pair or a single digit, nulls 7 8 9 0, letters and symbols for common words, three-digit numbers for names.
How it was deciphered
The key, identified for Sega by George Lasry and validated on a letter of 21 December 1590 that has its contemporary decipherment (the sega1590 page), was applied unchanged to 88 blocks, each frozen before it was decoded, with one count at the end.
What it says
Navarre’s blockade and the commerce negotiation, Cardinal de Gondi’s refusal of the oath of the Union, a request for a thousand paid foot, hopes of taking Saint-Denis, plots at Orléans, Nantes and Chalon, and a plan to put Paris under the protection of the Holy See.
Still open
225 unresolved words, two thirds of them on the pale pages ff. 51v–54r; signs not in Meister’s printed key; the end of the letter, since the copy stops inside the cipher.
Credit
Transcription, decipherment, reading and translation by Brice Dudout (Europe chiffrée, with Claude Opus 5.5), pull request #377 of 10 November 2026. Key no. 65 was printed by Aloys Meister (1906) and identified for Sega by George Lasry.

01 The letter

Volume 32 of the Francia series of the Segreteria di Stato holds the despatches of Filippo Sega, Bishop of Piacenza, from Paris in 1590–91. On ff. 49r–54v is a duplicate, headed “Dupp.ta”, of one of his letters to an “Ill.mo et R.mo Mons.r”; the series is addressed to Cardinal Enrico Caetani. It opens “L’ultime mie furono delli 20 di Dicembre”, and the contributor dates it to early January 1591 by its content and its place in the volume. F. 49r is in clear: Biron in Normandy, munitions from Holland, the “pratica del Commercio” with Navarre. Ff. 49v–54v are almost wholly in cipher with short clear passages. The copy stops at the foot of f. 54v in the middle of an enciphered sentence, with no subscription; ff. 55–56 are another letter, to the Pope, of 9 January 1591.

Two other letters of Sega in the same volume and the same key have their own page; his letter of 9 January 1591 in BnF Français 3613, read by George Lasry, is another page. No contemporary decipherment of this letter is among the DECODE records of Francia 32 (R5612–R5618, R5621).

No image is shown on this page: the contributor included none (DECODE terms allow research use only), and the DECODE images were not reachable from the session that integrated the pull request. A detail of a sibling letter in the same hand is on the sega1590 page; a line of this cipher is printed in the strip under the title.

02 The cipher and the key

Meister printed the key in 1906 (Die Geheimschrift im Dienste der päpstlichen Kurie, no. 65, pp. 435–436). A two-digit number is a letter (28 i, 31 n, 36 s, 37 t, 42 a), a sign over a digit gives the vowel (a diaeresis a, a circumflex e, a bar i, a cross o, a small 2 u), single letters stand for words (b che, c per, e come, l il, y delli), a few symbols for tanto, in, ma, più, con, quest-, and dotted three-digit numbers for names: in this letter 128 Umena (Mayenne), 129 Navarra, 229 Cardinal de Gondi, 144 France, 145 the Union, 122 the Pope, 428 His Holiness. The digits 7, 8, 9 and 0 are nulls. The key file is the same as sega1590’s.

The key was not measured again on this letter, which has no contemporary decipherment. It is the key validated for sega1590 under a protocol hashed before the calculation: on Sega’s letter of 21 December 1590 (Francia 32 ff. 228v and 231, DECODE R5621) against its decipherment on f. 230, 268 of 287 characters (0.934) and 56 of 65 words (0.862) agree, against at most 0.551 and 0.492 for 200 controls. The transcriptions were made with the key in mind, as the contributor declares.

03 The reading

Each of the 88 blocks was transcribed and frozen before it was decoded, and one count was made at the end of the letter, with no stop when the running share crossed 95%. The project re-decoded the first lines of f. 49v sign by sign with the key and found the contributor’s decryption; it recounted the marks in the reading and found the same numbers of probable and restored words.

Enciphered wordsCertainProbableRestoredUnresolved
1,319886 (67.2%)205 (15.5%)3225 (17.1%)

Read in their sense: 1,091 words, 82.7% (82.9% with the three restored words), under the 95% bar. By page, restored words included: 49v 93.3, 50r 95.8, 50v 95.2, 51r 96.2, 51v 82.8, 52r 76.7, 52v 84.7, 53r 74.9, 53v 73.6, 54r 72.5, 54v 83.5. The opening, f. 49v to f. 50v line 9 (205 words), reads at 94.6%.

The opening of f. 49v, after the clear text on the commerce negotiation. Probable words in braces, unresolved ones in angle brackets:

ma Dio volese che {questo} solo fose il fondamento della sua speranza, ma ce ne {sono} tanto altri apreso, come <apunti> <cine> <aa> instrutione che io mandai a V.S. Ill.ma con le {mie} delli vintisei di {Novembre}, et {toccherò} a suo logo. Che {Dio} ci {aiuti}.
… but would to God that this were the only ground of his hope; but there are so many others besides, such as […] the instruction I sent to Your Most Illustrious Lordship with my letter of the twenty-sixth of November, and I shall speak of it in its place. May God help us!

In the contributor’s summary the letter covers League Paris under Navarre’s blockade: the commerce negotiation and the passports; Cardinal de Gondi’s refusal of the oath of the Union; canons tempted to rally to Navarre; preachers against “Senlis”; Sega staying in the city to hold it to its duty; Brissac’s mission for Mayenne; a request for a thousand paid Spanish and Italian foot and victuals; hopes of taking Saint-Denis by escalade until the Duke of Parma arrives; a plan to detach the princes of the blood and the Catholic nobility from Navarre; a monitory against Navarre’s followers; plots discovered at Orléans, Nantes and Chalon; a divided Union government and a “debole capo”, Mayenne; and the remedy, that the Pope take Paris and the Île-de-France under the protection of the Holy See until the Estates and the canonical election of a Catholic king. The “instrutione … con le mie delli vintisei di Novembre” of f. 49v refers to the letter of 26 November 1590 on the sega1590 page.

04 What remains uncertain

Full texts

The transcription and the decryption of every document on this page, so that the reading can be used and checked. Short files are shown here; all are in the repository.

Sega, Paris, early Jan 1591 (duplicate), enciphered part ff. 49v-54v read in part

Sega on League Paris under Navarre's blockade: passports that angered Navarre, Cardinal de Gondi refusing the oath, Brissac's mission, a request for troops and victuals, Saint-Denis, plots at Orleans, Nantes and Chalon, a divided Union and the plan to put Paris under the protection of the Holy See.

Builds coherent sentences, but under the read bar of 95% of words read as sense; the holes are marked in the reading.

Transcription: transcription.txt

Decryption: decryption.txt

Reading

reading.md

# Established text (Italian), partial reading

Duplicate ("Dupp.ta") of a letter of Filippo Sega, Paris, early January 1591 (AAV Francia 32, ff. 49v-54v, DECODE R5615, https://de-crypt.org/decrypt-web/RecordsView/5615). Enciphered words as read; clear text of the letter in quotation marks.

[f. 49v] "... La pratica del Commercio segue tuttavia, ritirandosene Navarra persuaso che questa Villa sia ridotta a strettezze tali, che ... la sia per cadere in suo potere" ma Dio volese che {questo} solo fose il fondamento della sua speranza, ma ce ne {sono} tanto altri apreso, come <apunti> <cine> <aa> instrutione che io mandai a V.S. Ill.ma con le {mie} delli vintisei di {Novembre}, et {toccherò} a suo logo. Che {Dio} ci {aiuti}. "Basta che sotto questo medesimo pretesto Vidiville se n'andò li giorni passati a Mantes ..."

[f. 50r] "... Et quanto ai passaporti et lettere patenti spedite per la occasione" <ℓω> e {auenuto} {quello} apunto che predise io, perche sebene le dete letere erano {state} in {qualche} {parte} riformate da {questo} consiglio prima di publicarle afato, non erano tutauia state {ridotte} a forma tale che la una, capitata in mano di Navarra, non lo habia alterato. <c·to> et fato dar ordine della ritention di tute quele che si puo, et che siano impicati senza replica {queli} che le porterano, dicendo che non fu sua intentione [di] dare a Umena lo stafilo con cui l'hauese a stafilare. "Dagl'huomini di Bourbon non ho mai havuta ... ma sin hora non vedo effetti, et sperarli spero." Card. Gondi {di} {più} "di quel che scrive a me, scritto ..." al preuosto delli mercanti "... che ad instanza mia ... l'inuitaua" al ritorno per {queste} feste di natale "ma con la sodisfattione" del giuramento "per sedare l'animo del popolo", che non uoleua giurare. "Talche" non ci è uenuto. "In tanto" il seruitio della chiesa <cul> <audicea>. "Li Canonici ... et il Decano quantunque ..."

[f. 50v] "... et habbia confessato ad altri quel che nega a me di haverli parlato" e il belo et il <b·no> et il più fauorito di tuti, et di cui {nela} letera che non mi fu {lasciata} si fa {un} encomio di purità et inocenza, che io {ne} <insteea> a San Giambatista et a San Giouani {Euangelista}. "Basta egli comanda a bacchetta ... chi era stato carcerato per sospetto ..." Et dolendosi di questo uno delli boni canonici, uenuto a parole con un {altro} di {aderire} o no al heretico, {quello} si lasciò uscire di bocca che {basceria} etiandio <(> al diauolo, non che asentire al heretico per saluar se steso, et {dimostratione} alcuna non se ne è fata. "Quando Umena mandò qui il primo auiso ... che di contento dell'elettione presente." Scrisi però a Card. Gondi perche ordinase le {cose} come meglio le fose parso, et ne ho riportata risposta del <aculu> <e> <sotendare>. "Dal che il negotio stà tuttauia in rispetto" con hauendoli mandata copia della letera di Montalto, {che} però che non "ha per restarli altra ritirata."

[f. 51r] "Li Predicatori continuano ... et quelli che V.S. Ill.ma sa sono tuttauia" più fomentati, anzi nela letera {prealibata} si fa {gran} {querela} "di questa contrarietà, quale che" Senlis et seguaci sieno questi {seditiosi} et la causa della controuersia. "... Io mi uado tuttauia confermando più in opinione" che {il} conserto <a> <i tors> sia per sfumare, "hauendomi Madama di Ghisa mostrata una sua" della {Sciatre} "... Ho tuttauia auisato, ch'egli era partito" di {Orliens} a {uintisete} del pasato per {il} Beri "..." dal deto {conserto} "era partito a" Nemors. "... il P. Prou.le del Giesù risolutosi con mio gran dolore," {ueduta} la poca speranza di frutificar qui dentro, "di abboccarsi con Umena ..."

[f. 51v] "..." io non sono andato con loro per non dar {il} tracolo ala perdita di {questa} uila, mentre che con {il} star {però} {s'opera} a me da tratenere in uficio, {se} non {già} altro. "... ha mandato" qui {il} conte di Brisac a esplorare per diuersi mezi {il} uero stato di Parigi <(> hauendo <alo·aate> <te> le parti palpato, infelicisimo et <pericolo·a·u·isimo> di {seditione}, di scalata o di {altro} stratagema o di {uolontà} <e> <ma> deditione ad altro principe, e se non la {socorre} e {poi} {ma} <u> lasciar metere {il} nemico, <ra> {lui} et noi se <e> tornò la note delli quatro, et porta letera mia <a> <del> <accluso> <tenolmi>, et se ne <ea> {così} ben persuaso <ueu> pero <u?a> ci farà la {prouisione} <u> dimandiamo di mile {fanti} tra {spagnoli} et italiani {stipendiati} per <dee> <ocisi> <ш> {uiueri} per tre mesi per loro et per <⊄> <ii> et {dou'} {habiamo} dentro la {prouisione} del nutrimento delli <e> <ω> <amne> et di <met> {circa} {cento} {cauali} <aadod> <mean> et cinquanta <ω> <ci> et per {lo} <i> la <aduicgeo> <amcinto> delli uiueri, et dar ordine a le {garnigioni} con {uicine} di {tenere} {intelligenza} insieme a {queste}

[f. 52r] f<eo> <u> con {questo} asicura <ocendo> {si} <stra> <cuherà> <il> <oemicda> si purgherà {e} <ı> et <sama> <asaiso> leuata di {uiueri} {senza} altra {apertura} di {comercio} {come} {più} <adeienotzi> <Δ/e> {dato} {di} <a·o·?·serto> <cunc> cosa <u> scrito et tuti {gli} i... altri <uuano> <uarano> tanto {conformi} {e} <onesu> et <andenti> <use?i> non e <distuco> bisogna <usi> <sue> <gli> "Et gl'ultimi moti di più inconsideratione che con l'occasione" di {questa} uenuta si potria ritentare <duranti> <gli> {ghiaci} {la} scalata di San Dionigi con <Δ> prudenza et <orline> piaza <u> se uenise in nostro {potere} ci potremo <mdere> del nemico fino a l'ariuo <cdi> Duca di Parma "... commercio per via di Pontoys ... col mezo di Dordan ... Se" Umena {dunque} soccorre io non parto, con non soccorendo <dedoti> {potendo} con Duchessa di Guisa <u> hauro complito con {la} mia conscienza et col mondo. "..." solo con Card. Gondi "il modo di uedere" di separare {gli} principi del sangue et {la} Nobiltà Cattolica da Navarra "et gl'ho messo il pulce nell'orecchia, che facendo egli" {la} {separatione} "et buttandosi" a li piedi del Papa "per ubidir ..." <a> et facilmente si meteria soto {la} protetione loro per ubidir a quello {re} <u> {una} {assemblea} <de?t> con {la} <cene> di <pione> {della} Santa {Sede} "hauendo ... lo comportava a"

[f. 52v] {tempo} del asedio "et che all'esempio suo si guiteriano l'altre." al cardinal "è piaciuto infinitamente il pensiero ... Dall'altro canto ... nell'orecchia" a {Brisac} "... volendo intendere di questo" et <u> se Umena non è presto et diligente "si potria trouare con un pugno pieno di mosche" et Brisac "stanno il disguito che passa" tra {gli} principi et Nobiltà Cattolica et Navarra "et stanno il mal camino" non solo di {questa} {ma} di tutte le altre città {della} Unione "che non è entrato in gelosia ... Talche se ne va imbeuuto di maniera" <u> {la} calcherà a Umena più <u> {mediocremente} "et io o per l'una o per l'altra parte ne spero qualche frutto ... il modo di far penetrare il negotiato" di <a> la Navarra per <generalo> e potendo qualche altra <doifideenza> {in} {quella} parte "Imperoche sarà sempre difficile da esser superato ..." V. S. Ill.ma <u> non {gli} uenga <dumenbrato> {il} {seguito} {della} {Nobiltà} Cattolica "et questi sono hoggidi in stato molto disposto a raccogliersi" {già} {rouinati} da le uane speranze et promesse di {lui}, et se si soccorese <e> <i> et si <pentaseto> <uros> "tanto più sarebbero prossimi alle speranze ... Ma il sommo degl'Uffitij finalmente per a mio parere sarà, che" Papa <lichiari> incorsi nele {censure} tuti {quello} <u> seguitano Navarra o {eclesiastici} o <laicici> <u> sieno, se non si <uniscone> <ꝯ> et giurano fra certo tempo {secondo}

[f. 53r] <ꝁ> formula <u> inuiai a V.S. Ill.ma o altra <Δ_> conueniente e ben auerò <usea> {questo} monitorio o declaratoria <peraacedese> <qualcuteai> <utopo> <eccunia> <erioae> et et {il} {monitorio} e uenise {in} tempo <u> <sapesimce> <ser> prosimo {lo} <iocureso> <ai?n> et <u> fose acompagniato da un bono auertimento a <droncipoi> {della} Unione delli erori <ucoio> <onpcora> loro {in} pregiuditio del bon progreso {della} <caausa> <sarma> {più} eficace et <?> {più} meteria {il} <ceruealo> a partito ad tute le sorti di <sone> altrimente se {la} autorità di a non <sueaulia> <Δ> <uoidacla> pertinaci a loro {gli} altri <dalatra> <scuragine> et tuti dale cecità {della} <paduioni> et interesi particolari ogni cosa {camina} ala {rouina} et a dala parte nostra {in} <particolarmi> <ƒ> euidente {come} potrà discernere V.S. Ill.ma dale {incluse} copie di scriture <u> fabricate come <e> et mandate <agiuria> Melun sono <a> {state} rimandate da un <bool?e> al prouinciale et io <ale> ho fate <ur> mandare a Umena <o> {acciò} <uecla> {il} conceto <udoilu> <uitienee> V.S. Ill.ma {con} {la} {sua} prudenza può {discernere} se come seditiose <ule> sieno le contengono <?ond> <?mendd> pur tropo uerità {la} <ppuipteooua> {per}

[f. 53v] euidenza di fato "..." ci sequita cosa "che ha stata ordinata" da <?tpfima> {della} <sueiquartita> "appresso a quella di" Corbeil <a> le <?m> <perdiee> di Lagni <sciauigniro> <?te> Sanclu "... ben in ..." detratta Lagni di non "molta importanza ... rispetto" ala <cadstadii> {questa} uila "riuscendone et minacciando tutti" {con} {il} restringimento del comercio "... tutti li suoi sonni" ne magna ne bere <apiepaoi> come <nocia> <cltri> <faciampo> "Et dopo li ... ultimi" ne <sano> stati scoperti quatro, a Orliens <u> <lundo> a Nantes, {il} secondo, {il} terzo a Scialon di Borgogna <e> et <l'ultimeo> a <a> et "di modo che quelli" <doorliens> <ucanod> scrito a Umena <u> non esendo <ciso> bastante a <difee?lerli> pensarano a prouedersi da {se} "Et in tanto ... a pregare" Re di Spagna a riceuerli {in} <partaicolar> <protetionae> "al qual Duca ... per adesso" fin <u> {con} {lo} ingreso <cei?ouippotro> a di un <ufagi> <pcoar> {più} seruitio a gloria di Dio "Et di tutti questi trattati non si uede un castigo per diligenza" di Umena "che è quello di" Orliens

[f. 54r] "castigato ... Ma di quello di" Scialone "che si pretende che fosse con participatione" del castelano di quela citadela "forse non si cauerà altro. Et di quello" <die> et <uera> <du> <introdue> <mi?g> nel arsenale "Stauamo a uedere dal negotiato di" <brisau> "quel che seguirà, et all'hora non posso scriuere più a lungo" esendo <uio?ominate> per <sane> di importanza. "Ne' minor mostra ... l'impertinente risolutioni, che si teme che nascano" da {questo} terzo <do> di consiglio <u> con <uta> di <lenol?cort> del presidente le Mastre <idiile> et <nouli>, "il primo di quali come sa V.S. Ill.ma" non sa parlare, non <u> {discernere}. "Il secondo in testimonio della sincerità ma" maritata la nipote <?aa> secreta <oiolibironde>. "Il 3° è l'anima di" Card. Gondi "et è di quella ingenuità ... et il quarto è l' ..." precipitio. "Li due di molto sono stretti insieme" {con} le determina[t]ioni delli {camina} <ʃ> primo {come} {con} {della} {più} uoti. "Talche ... il quarto ..." <ua> {in} consiglio "si dusti publicamente delle stravaganti" le <scrie> ad Umena "come li stessi parimente scritte da altri ... la più ridicola del mondo:" la uila ordina, <ʃ> parlamento impedisce, <ʃ> consiglio si opone "et niuna cosa ... si fanno et disfanno" l'un l'{altro} le determinationi <?i> <ʃ> ala <duco> per

[f. 54v] <taueuna> <ergogna> "Et di più è così inuestante in sé stesso" <ʃ> <doieto> consiglio "che uuole et non uuole una medesima cosa in un'istesso momento. Habbiamo appresso" la <racce> "in machina, che come" tra <ʃ> parlamento et {gli} Sedeci, fra <ʃ> {magistrato} et <queili> {della} politica, fra {gli} stesi del parlamento l'un contra l'altro, et a poca {ubidienza} <u> tuti dano a {questo} {debole} capo, "ridotto pero meno" <u> <alfauolo> <soreooilueranea> "... a punto che si uà lineando" lo autore {della} seconda "scrittura. Anzi come che l'istesso" capo "parli diuersità di lingue, essendo la diuersità degl'huomini" <u> lo atorniano "difficilmente può l'huomo assicurarsi d'intenderne mai ueramente il proprio et naturale idioma. Et così auuiene" <u> dum caput dolet ce[t]era {membra} languent. "Ma non più di questo per adesso, poiche più diffusamente toccherà il tutto nella scrittura" delli difeti {della} Unione. "In tanto V.S. Ill.ma uadi pensando un poco sù il rimedio, che" <iolea> <oteposi> {già} di procurare <u> fose pregato {Papa} a pigliar soto la {protetione} e gouerno et tutela {della} santa {sede} et sua {questa} uila {con} tuta la isola di Francia "fino a niuna Assemblea di Stati, et canonica elettione d'un Re Cat. et Chr.mo, sempre che" {oportuno} "per dar qualche ordine" a {queste} confusioni et diuertire {con} la autorità d' Sua Santità la guera da {questi} contorni {con} lo {scomunicar} tuti "li Catolici che li molestaranno, già che sono co'l rimedio solito" le <uati> {gli} <preesti> <do> {stato} {con} cui coloriscono ...

## State of the reading

1,319 enciphered words: 886 certain (67.2%), 205 probable (15.5%), 3 restored (0.2%), 225 unresolved (17.1%). Read in their sense: 1,091 (82.7%; 1,094 = 82.9% if the 3 restored words are counted). Below Daniel Bourdeau's 95% threshold: read in part. Share read by page (%, restored included, from the final count of 29 Oct 2026): 49v 93.3, 50r 95.8, 50v 95.2, 51r 96.2, 51v 82.8, 52r 76.7, 52v 84.7, 53r 74.9, 53v 73.6, 54r 72.5, 54v 83.5. The opening blocks B1-B5 (all enciphered segments from f. 49v to f. 50v line 9, 205 words) read at 94.6% (171 certain, 23 probable, 1 restored, 10 unresolved) after Brice Dudout's blind re-reading of four signs (plate C08); the denser pages ff. 51v-54v are much weaker. The copy is incomplete: f. 54v ends inside the cipher, with no subscription.

## Conventions, probable, restored and unresolved words

- {x} probable; <x> unresolved (letters given by the key, sense not established), kept in place; [x] restored; text in quotation marks = clear text of the letter (abridged "..."). Spelling of the cipher kept; u/v and accents as in the manuscript, punctuation modernised.
- Values from Meister's printed key that are not in our decoding tool (omega = in, lone underlined sign = più, two barred stems = ma, o with bar = già, infinity = della, barred 4 = gli, two verticals on a base = con, triangle + vowel = quest-) count at best as probable.
- Re-readings made after decoding (pairs split at line ends, stray single digits, open 3 read as 3) are declared in the block notes and count at best as probable.
- Brice Dudout's blind re-reading of sign shapes (plate C08, no gloss shown) is applied: preuosto and letera become certain; the blotted sign of the word first read {bono} stays illegible (now <b.no>, unresolved).
- Unresolved signs: a long s with a crook (6 times, always before a noun, presumably "il") is not in the printed key; a delta at the head of a clause reads 6 = u by the key while the sense often calls for che (left unresolved); the denser pages ff. 51v-54r have many misaligned pairs.
- Restored: [di] (f. 50r), determina[t]ioni (f. 54r), ce[t]era (f. 54v).
- Names: 128 Umena = Mayenne, 129 Navarra, 229 = Cardinal de Gondi (Bishop of Paris), 145 the Union, 144 France, 428 His Holiness; "Sedeci" = the Sixteen; "le Mastre" = Jean Le Maistre, president in the League Parlement; "Sciatre" = La Châtre; "Brisac" = Brissac; "Sanclu" = Saint-Cloud; "Scialon di Borgogna" = Chalon-sur-Saône; "Senlis" = Guillaume Rose, Bishop of Senlis.
Translation

translation.md

# English translation (partial)

Square brackets: words supplied from the context or the clear text, or gaps ([...]) where the cipher is not read. Translated from reading.md; where the Italian has unresolved words the English follows the sense of the surrounding clear text and says so.

[f. 49v] ... but would to God that this were the only ground of his hope [Navarre's hope of seeing Paris fall through the “practice of commerce”]; but there are so many others besides, such as [...] the instruction I sent to Your Most Illustrious Lordship with my letter of the twenty-sixth of November, and I shall speak of it in its place. May God help us! [f. 50r] As for the passports and letters patent issued on that occasion, [...] precisely what I foretold has happened: although those letters had been partly amended by this Council before being published, they had not been put in such a form that one of them, fallen into Navarre's hands, would not irritate him. [...] and he has had orders given to hold back all that can be, and to hang without appeal those who carry them, saying that he did not mean to give Mayenne the whip to whip him with. Cardinal de Gondi, besides what he writes to me, has written to the Provost of the Merchants — who, at my instance, was inviting him back for these Christmas feasts, but on condition of the oath, to calm the people — that he would not swear. So he has not come. Meanwhile the service of the church [...]. [f. 50v] [The Dean has admitted to others what he denies to me: that he spoke to Navarre,] “the handsome, the [...] and the most favoured of all”, of whom, in the letter that was not left with me, a eulogy of purity and innocence is made [...] to St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist. One of the good canons complaining of it, and coming to words with another over whether or not to adhere to the heretic, the latter let slip that he would kiss even the devil rather than consent to the heretic to save himself; and no demonstration has been made of it. So I wrote to Cardinal de Gondi to order things as best he thought [for the Te Deum for the election of Gregory XIV], and have brought back an answer [...]. [f. 51r] [The preachers] are all the more stirred up; indeed, in the said letter great complaint is made [of this opposition]: that Senlis [Guillaume Rose] and his followers are these seditious men and the cause of the controversy. [...] the concert [with Navarre] is about to vanish; [Madame de Guise showed me a letter] from La Châtre; [he] had left Orléans on the twenty-seventh of last month for the Berry; [...] left for Nemours. The Jesuit Provincial, seeing little hope of bearing fruit here, [goes to meet Mayenne]. [f. 51v] I did not go with them, so as not to hasten the loss of this city, since by staying it falls to me to keep [it] to its duty, if nothing else. [Mayenne] has sent the Count of Brissac here to explore by various means the true state of Paris: [...] most unhappy and [most perilous], exposed to sedition, to escalade or some other stratagem, or to the will to surrender to another prince; and if he does not relieve it, [...] let the enemy in. [...] He came back on the night of the fourth and carries a letter of mine [...]. We ask for a thousand paid Spanish and Italian foot, victuals for three months for them, [...] where we have within the provision of food [...] and about a hundred [and fifty] horse, [...] and to order the neighbouring garrisons to keep in touch with these. [f. 52r] [...] the escalade of Saint-Denis [...]: if it came into our power, we could [hold] the enemy until the arrival of the Duke of Parma. If Mayenne then relieves [Paris], I do not leave; if he does not, being able [to leave] with the Duchess of Guise, I shall have satisfied my conscience and the world. Cardinal de Gondi [seeks the way] to separate the princes of the blood and the Catholic nobility from Navarre; [I put the flea in his ear: by making] the separation [and throwing themselves] at the Pope's feet, [they] would easily place themselves under his protection [to obey the one] whom an assembly [...] of the Holy See [would make king]. [f. 52v] [It is time to raise] the siege [...]. Brissac: if Mayenne is not prompt and diligent, [he may find himself with a fistful of flies]; between the princes, the Catholic nobility and Navarre; not only of this city but of all the other cities of the Union; [...] the Catholic nobility, already ruined by the vain hopes and promises of that man [Navarre]; [the greatest of services will be that] the Pope [declare] incurring the censures all who follow Navarre, ecclesiastics or laymen, unless they [...] and swear within a certain time, [f. 53r] according to the formula I sent to Your Most Illustrious Lordship or another suitable one; and this monitory or declaratory [...] would come in time, accompanied by a good warning [to the princes] of the Union about the errors [...] to the prejudice of the good progress of the cause; [...] for otherwise, through the obstinacy of some, the blindness of others and private interests, everything is running to ruin, as Your Most Illustrious Lordship will see from the enclosed copies of writings fabricated and sent [...] to Melun, sent back by a [...] to the Provincial, and which I had sent to Mayenne, so that [Your Lordship] may judge in your prudence whether what they contain is seditious [...] and of all too evident truth. [f. 53v] [...] Corbeil, [...] Lagny, Saint-Cloud; [...] the tightening of commerce; [...] neither eat nor drink [...]. Four [plots] have been discovered: at Orléans, one at Nantes, the second; the third at Chalon in Burgundy [...]; [they have] written to Mayenne [that], as he is not strong enough to defend them, they will provide for themselves; [they ask] the King of Spain to receive them into his particular protection; [...] for the service and glory of God. [And of all these plots no punishment is seen through the diligence] of Mayenne, [except that] of Orléans. [f. 54r] [As for that of] Chalon, [said to have been made with the participation] of the castellan of that citadel, [perhaps nothing more will come of it]; [...] in the arsenal. [We wait to see what comes of the negotiation of] Brissac. [...] of importance. [Impertinent resolutions are feared, born] from this third [...] of the Council [...] of President Le Maistre [...]: [the first] cannot speak or discern; [the second ...] married his niece [...]; [the third is the soul] of Cardinal de Gondi; [the fourth is] the precipice. [The two are closely bound] with the deliberations [...] the votes. [...] in council; [...] to Mayenne. [The most ridiculous battle in the world:] the City orders, the [...] Parlement prevents, the [...] Council opposes; [everything is done and undone,] one against the other, the deliberations [...]. [f. 54v] [Mayenne, moreover, is so inconstant that he wants and does not want the same thing at the same moment.] Between the Parlement and the Sixteen, between the magistrate and those of the police, among the members of the Parlement themselves, one against the other, and with little obedience, all [turn against] this weak head; [...] the author of the second [writing]; [and as this] head [speaks different languages according to the men] who surround him [...]: thus, when the head aches, the other limbs languish (“dum caput dolet, cetera membra languent”). [But no more of this for now: the writing will treat more fully] of the defects of the Union. [Meanwhile, may Your Most Illustrious Lordship think of the remedy, which] would be to have the Pope asked to take under the protection, government and tutelage of the Holy See this city with the whole Île-de-France, [until an Assembly of the Estates and the canonical election of a Catholic and Most Christian King], when opportune, [to bring some order] to these confusions, and to turn the war away from these parts by the authority of His Holiness, excommunicating all [who molest the Catholics] [...] the State, with which they colour ... [the copy stops here].

Key: key.tsv

05 Sources

The notes, the transcription, the decryption, the reading, the translation and the key are in targets/sega1591b.

Cite this page

Brice Dudout, “Filippo Sega to Rome, Paris, early January 1591 (duplicate, Francia 32 ff. 49v–54v)”, Cyphersolver, posted 10 November 2026, https://cyphersolver.com/sega1591b.html.