Contributors · 77 people · 1093 credits

Contributors

The ledger is a shared project. Anyone can add to it: a solution to a cipher already listed, a reading left partial taken further, a new unsolved cipher, a new cipher with its solution, or an independent check of a reading already here. Every write-up names who contributed and whose keys or decipherments it used; this page adds them up.

How to contributeWhoContributions in detailWhat the work builds onWaiting for a checkReadings to take further

Daniel Bourdeau and contributors · posted · updated

01 Who has contributed

Daniel Bourdeau runs the project (461 of its own targets). 76 people are credited on 405 targets; 181 of those are also among the project’s own, credited because a reading there used their key, decipherment or pointer, so the two figures overlap and do not add up to the total. 510 of the credits are direct contributions (a solution, a new cipher, a verification, a key correction, a transcription, an identification or a pointer to a source); the rest record whose key, decipherment or earlier solution a reading used. A count is the number of targets; click it for the write-ups.

ContributorTargetsSolutionsNew ciphersVerificationsKeys correctedTranscriptions, identificationsPointersKeys usedEarlier solutions
Daniel Bourdeau project lead461own targets by outcome: key recovered here 96 · read with an outside key or decipherment 202 · not solved 115 · not applicable 48
George Lasry13677·11674217
Satoshi Tomokiyo106·11·23265210
Brice Dudout765479151012
WAINUT5951·2925012··
Michael Brackx2013112821·
Arya Sanketbhai Patel108·1·2···
Norbert Biermann9····1152
Harumi-Matsuba872113···
Feyseel Nur8631·1···
Mírka5·····311
Brett Burford4222·····
Sofia Pettersson4····4···
NoAutopilot411··1··2
Nils Kopal4······22
Frode Weierud3····3···
Juan Carlos Galende Díaz3····1·2·
Paolo Bonavoglia3······21
Thomas Bosbach3······21
Wanruo Luo3······12
David Scheers2····22··
Bryan Payne2····21··
Satoru21···11··
Angus Robinson22·······
Harrison Bornstein21····1··
Larry Beck22·······
Paolo Rosson21·1····1
Richard Bean2····111·
alejandrozarco22·······
ry-xu21····1··
Ivan Parisi2·····11·
Jean-François Bouchaudy2·····11·
Jozef Krajčovič2··1····1
Thomas Ernst2····1··1
Ajaydas Devadas2······2·
Judit W. Somogyi2······2·
M. W. Kaczka2······2·
Michelle Waldispühl2······11
Robert Pitt2······2·
Robert Węglarek1···11···
setsunaatto11·1·····
Adam Wright1·····1··
Alain Dufour1····1···
Andrew Aymeloglu1·····1·1
Dariusz Rolnik1·····1··
Dolly Moulekhi11·······
Eloy Caballero1····1···
Felipe Rojas1·····1··
Francesco Senatore1····1···
Ilya1····1···
Joe1····1···
Klaus Schmeh1····1···
Olaf Ostwald1····1···
Sara Gómez Hernández1····1···
Stephen Houston1·····1··
johonn11·······
saberwatchmanga1····1···
yuanyi-3501·····1··
Alexandre Pillon1······1·
Anne-Simone Rous1·······1
Ben Davies1·······1
Christof Rieber1·······1
David Vierra1······1·
Gerd1·······1
Ilia Chirtulov1·······1
Ingo Niebel1······1·
Lance Estes1·······1
María Josep Bertomeu Masiá1······1·
Matthew Brown1······1·
Max Baertl1·······1
Norbert Paefgen1·······1
Olga Kolosova1·······1
Pamela Kalning, Matthias Miller, Karin Zimmermann (Heidelberg catalogue 2014)1······1·
Simon Klee1·······1
Vals AI1·······1
Wacker1······1·
Woodard1······1·

The project lead’s row splits the 461 own targets by outcome. The 196 outside solutions checked and filed here are counted under their contributors, not in that row.

Direct contributions by month

2Jul 2026
43Sep 2026
374Oct 2026
65Nov 2026

02 Contributions in detail

Each contributor with every target they are credited on, and for what. An earlier solution that was never published is marked as unpublished and is credited only with the solver’s agreement.

Daniel Bourdeau

Runs the project: chose and checked the targets, directed the work with Claude, and built and maintains the website and the ledger.

project lead · 461 of the project’s own targets: key recovered here ×96 · read with an outside key or decipherment ×202 · not solved ×115 · not applicable ×48 · besides these, 196 outside solutions checked and filed · all write-ups → · the project’s share

George Lasry

Cryptanalyst (DECODE, CrypTool); co-author of the LLM paper; many keys on DECODE and in Tomokiyo's GL.htm; unpublished solutions shared privately.

solution ×77 · verification · key or decipherment used ×42 · earlier solution ×17 · key corrected · transcription ×4 · identification ×2 · pointer to a source ×7 · their write-ups →

128 more

Satoshi Tomokiyo

Cryptiana: the catalogue of unsolved historical ciphers most targets come from, and many published keys and overlays.

new cipher · verification · key or decipherment used ×52 · earlier solution ×10 · transcription ×17 · identification ×6 · pointer to a source ×26 · their write-ups →

98 more

Brice Dudout @bdudout

solution ×49 · new cipher · new cipher with solution ×6 · verification ×9 · key or decipherment used · earlier solution ×2 · key corrected · transcription ×2 · identification ×3 · pointer to a source ×10 · their write-ups →

  • Costabili to Ercole d’Este: three clear letters, 1493 — pointer to a source: contemporary Este decipherments of the 1491-92 despatches; Berzeviczy 1914
  • De Puebla to Almazán, London, 21 April 1506 — verification: parallel independent reading with the same table (363 of 366 signs); agrees word for word on most passages; proposes razón, de la, pedrique and the clear text of ll. 11-17 source
  • Benedetto Fantini, Buda and Eger, 1517–18 — solution: Key found (Caprile 1519 family), blind-validated against the contemporary plaintext copy of the ciphered passage, identified on pp. 3-4 of R1126 (text not new); R1126 pp. 1-2 read 95.3% of words by sense (dudout/)
  • Alfonso Cistarelli, Eger, 25 July 1520 — new cipher: pointed to Vestigia V1908 (catalogue 846), Cistarelli 14 Oct 1520 in the same cipher; has asked ASMo for the original
  • Adrian of Utrecht to Charles V, 9 September 1520 — solution: key rebuilt from the Cardinal's other letters (K7, validated on held-out 2,1,99); sign shapes re-read blind by Brice Dudout; cipher paragraph of 9 Sep 1520 read
  • Lope Hurtado de Mendoza to Charles V, Tordesillas, 10 December 1520 — solution: key rebuilt from the letter; 920 cipher words read, Spanish text and English translation
  • Nicolas Raince to Montmorency, Rome, 1526 — solution: 20 Nov 1526: the lower 21 lines of p. 105 completed and the whole of p. 106 (35 ciphered lines, not treated before) read with Tomokiyo's table as re-measured here; 593 of 597 words read in their sense (99.3%, Daniel Bourdeau's 95% rule: 572 certain, 13 probable, 8 from the sense, 4 unresolved; recounted 28 Oct 2026); agrees with the project's p. 105 decode at 95.6% of letters; solution: 13 May 1526 (pp. 29-31): all 85 ciphered lines verified sign by sign from reading_v3, gaps filled; residue re-read (C08); 1,102 of 1,112 words read in their sense (99.1%, Daniel Bourdeau's 95% rule): 1,074 certain, 8 probable, 20 from the sense, 10 unresolved (dudout/may1526_*)
  • Niccolò Ferducci to Ferdinand I, Fiume, 19 July 1532 — solution: table from the 1532 glosses; all eight groups read; Italian text and English translation
68 more

WAINUT @LcCompany

A Dutch AI company; pull requests from the LcCompany account, work done with Claude Opus 5.5 subagents.

solution ×51 · verification ×29 · key corrected ×2 · transcription ×47 · identification ×14 · pointer to a source ×12 · their write-ups →

  • De Puebla to Almazán, London, 21 April 1506 — solution: cipher passages of ll. 11-29 transcribed and deciphered with Tomokiyo's First Cipher table; ll. 18-29 read as sentences source; transcription: image 1, ll. 11-29, cipher passages source
  • Catherine de Médicis and the bishop of Rennes: four cipher letters, 1562–1564 — transcription: PR: fr. 3181 f. 55 lines 2, 4, 8, 9, 11-13 re-read on the image and a third reading proposed (decoded, not read)
  • Henri IV to André Hurault de Maisse at Venice, 1593 — solution: PR: ff. 406 and 410 read in part from the Brienne 13 clear copies, with Tomokiyo's key confirmed on the first cipher lines of ff. 404, 406 and 410; credit for the target shared with Arya Patel (PR #7); transcription: Brienne 13 fol. 171r-172v and 193v-194v (first lines); 128 cipher signs of ff. 404, 406, 410; identification: the top of Brienne 13 fol. 171r is the end of Maisse's own letter to the King of 10 Apr 1593, not the King's letter of 8 Feb (f. 406)
  • A French letter in a homophonic pigpen cipher, SP 106/10 — verification: PR #30 (WAINUT): independent hand transcription and key of ff. 243 and 241, compared with ours source; transcription: PR #30 (WAINUT): f. 242 shown to be f. 243 with the flap down; readings "voiage", "sieur" adopted source
  • Comenius to Andreas Klobusiczky, 1655 — pointer to a source: WAINUT: found Patera's 1892 footnote decipherment of the 4 Aug 1655 sentence for catalogue 474 source; verification: WAINUT (PR #102): rebuilt the key from the printed decipherment of 4 Aug 1655 and checked it letter by letter against both prints (one letter in conflict: CmCasda gives 'papmtum'); 24 May passage attempted, not deciphered source; transcription: WAINUT: both cipher passages and the word (iyy) transcribed from Patera 1892 and MHH XXIII 1874, variants recorded source; identification: WAINUT: the 22 Jul 1655 letter adds invisible ink on a further page (not printed); the 6 Sept 1655 letter's secret-script passages are printed in clear in italic by Patera (p. 183 note *); a cipher word (iyy) in the 4 Aug letter; the 24 May cipher stands inside news quoted from a letter from England source
  • Battier to Fagel: a court divided — solution: PR #65 and #67: folder key applied to eight 1687 passages (1,389 groups); key row 11:718/719 and the 2 Jan 1687 inventory line corrected source
  • Frederick II to Louis Michell, 28 December 1751 — solution: PR #29 (WAINUT): cabinet code of 1751 rebuilt from Fagel 5177 letters and blind-tested on R1957 source
  • Frederick II to Louis Michell, the ministerial letter of 28 December 1751 — solution: PR #29 (WAINUT): R1955 identified as Michell's envoy code and decoded in part (26.4%) with the Dutch decipherments of R1050/R1051; circular-letter test source
51 more

Michael Brackx @brackxm

With Claude Code, extended the Mayenne-Forget Cipher-1 readings of ff. 143, 154, 173, 196/201 and 123-124 (BnF fr. 15572), corrected key values, and found that ff. 155-157 are contemporary clear copies of ff. 143, 150 and 154 (issues #64, #68-#71, October 2026). Also BnF Espagnol 318 nos. 94 and 95 (issues #62, #63).

solution ×13 · new cipher · verification · key or decipherment used · key corrected ×2 · transcription ×6 · identification ×4 · pointer to a source ×2 · their write-ups →

12 more

Arya Sanketbhai Patel @aryasn2026 @arya1515

solution ×8 · verification · identification ×2 · their write-ups →

2 more

Norbert Biermann

key or decipherment used ×5 · earlier solution ×2 · transcription · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

1 more

Harumi-Matsuba @Harumi-Matsuba

Sent by GitHub issue (Oct 2026) readings of JACAR telegrams made with Claude and cross-checked with Codex: the 1916 three-kana telegrams to Huang Xing (sankana-public) and the Japanese Army numeric kana cipher of 1902-04 (kagigo1901-public). Also, from Oct 2026 issues: Mayenne-Forget Cipher-2 readings of BnF fr. 15572 ff. 218-219 (#49) and fr. 15573 f. 120 (#51). Also BnF readings (issues #52-#56): fr. 15919 Fiesque 1567-69, Colbert 398 Ancel 1577, Baluze 103 f. 50 Le Tellier 1644, fr. 3013 no. 43 Bilia 1527, fr. 4134 Sabran 1633.

solution ×6 · new cipher with solution ×2 · verification · key corrected · transcription ×2 · identification · their write-ups →

  • Bilia to Francesco II Sforza, 22 November 1527 — solution: Matched the letter to R5258, transcribed ff. 102r-v by sign name and read f. 102r, with AI only (Claude Opus 5.5 transcription, OpenAI Codex second transcriptions and image checks, Claude Sonnet image checks); shuffled-key controls; prior-work search. No human checked the transcription. source
  • Scipion de Fiesque at the Emperor’s court, 1567–69 — transcription: independent transcription and decode of view 23 left (f. 18v), filling the 15 Nov 1567 letter's two open places source; solution: transcription of 44 pages, inferred key values, decipherment and controls (AI-only: Claude, Codex, Sonnet; no human check) source
  • Ancel’s cipher, Vienna 1577: Archduke Matthias leaves for the Low Countries — solution: Transcription, key application, reading, controls, calibration and prior-work check of the seven pages, all done with AI (Claude, Codex); no human check. source; transcription: Symbol-name transcription of pp. 525-565 (and calibration pages 33, 258, 285). source
  • Mayenne–Forget’s Cipher-2, 1586 — solution: fr. 15572 ff. 218-219 (catalogue item 12): first reading with Claude, v0.1 partial; one pass, calibration 74.8%; 86.8% measured here source; new cipher with solution: fr. 15573 f. 120r-v (not in the ledger before): reading of the whole letter with Claude and a Codex cross-check, no human check; 90.8% measured here source
  • The Louis XIII–Sabran cipher, 1631–1635 — verification: earlier independent AI reading of nine fr. 4134 leaves with Lasry's key (issue #56); agrees with Lasry's on 88% of letters source
  • Le Tellier to Marca, 26 April 1644: the lodgings and the opened packets — solution: transcription of f. 50r-v, key additions from f. 230r/f. 232r, reading, controls and calibration (AI-only: Claude and Codex) source; identification: showed that Baluze 103 holds no period decipherment of f. 50: the 1921 catalogue's 'avec traductions' holds for ff. 171, 189, 200, 230 only source
  • The Japanese Army’s numeric kana cipher, 1902–04 — new cipher with solution: Found the numeric kana telegrams in JACAR, reconstructed the 1902-04 table, read four telegrams with controls; Claude Opus 5.5, Codex and Sonnet, no human check source
  • Huang Xing’s three-kana telegrams, May 1916 — solution: Both 20 May 1916 telegrams read with the formula (229 groups, 86 spelling-corrected, 4 inferred), the second copy in B03050731100, the reply's addressees 詔 鬯 and 正寄函 from the cipher, the six senders identified source; key corrected: Showed that this project's cursive transcription of the reply (誥/蕘 邕, 正發書, 章行嚴) disagrees with the cipher source

Feyseel Nur @Feyseel

solution ×3 · new cipher with solution ×3 · verification · transcription · their write-ups →

Mírka

Key spreadsheets on DECODE records.

key or decipherment used · earlier solution · pointer to a source ×3 · their write-ups →

Brett Burford @BravoBravoIX

Independent re-reading with Claude of the Baudouin-Desportes letters of 22 July 1593 (18 October 2026), a check of Rosson's first reading; first readings with Claude of Matignon's Cipher-3 despatch BnF fr. 15573 ff. 379-381 (issue #44) and of the Mayenne-Forget Cipher-2 letter fr. 15573 f. 385 (issue #46), October 2026.

new cipher with solution ×2 · verification ×2 · their write-ups →

  • Mayenne–Forget’s Cipher-2, 1586 — new cipher with solution: fr. 15573 f. 385r-v (not in the ledger before): first reading of the whole letter with Claude Opus 5.5, v0.2 19 Oct 2026; code values from five letters deciphered at the time; 82.9% measured here source
  • Matignon’s Cipher-3, 1586 — new cipher with solution: fr. 15573 ff. 379r-381v, a six-page Cipher-3 despatch not in the ledger: first reading of the whole despatch with Claude Opus 5.5 (v0.5, 19 Oct 2026), key values from fr. 15570 ff. 271-273; 89.6% measured here source
  • Baudouin-Desportes to Aldobrandini and to Frachetta, 22 July 1593 — verification: independent second reading with Claude Opus 5.5, made before opening Rosson's text; agrees on 95.9% (f. 189), 93.1% (f. 186r), 93.8% (f. 186v) of signs source
  • R4306: a Dutch diplomatic report — verification: issue #47: independent keyless re-reading agreeing with Lasry's key; address-leaf note read as Dutch with the tailed o = 8 source

Sofia Pettersson

Transcriber on DECODE.

transcription ×4 · their write-ups →

NoAutopilot @NoAutopilot

new cipher with solution · earlier solution ×2 · transcription · their write-ups →

Nils Kopal

key or decipherment used ×2 · earlier solution ×2 · their write-ups →

Frode Weierud

transcription ×3 · their write-ups →

Juan Carlos Galende Díaz

key or decipherment used ×2 · identification · their write-ups →

Paolo Bonavoglia

key or decipherment used ×2 · earlier solution · their write-ups →

Thomas Bosbach

Cipherbrain commenter; Catokwacopa DYING DECLARATION; Charles I 1648 nomenclator with Biermann and Brown.

key or decipherment used ×2 · earlier solution · their write-ups →

Wanruo Luo

key or decipherment used · earlier solution ×2 · their write-ups →

David Scheers

Author of Zealous with Language and Ciphers (2021); traced the surviving copies of Urquhart's octastich and distich leaves.

transcription ×2 · identification · pointer to a source ×2 · their write-ups →

  • The Devil’s Handwriting (Ambrogio, Pavia 1539) — identification: PDF 'Remarks devil's handwriting' identified the image as Ambrogio 1539 f. 212v and collected the sources; transcription: 153-sign transcription used in the solver runs; pointer to a source: redrawn Amadi Letere diaboliche table, 31 signs with demon names
  • Urquhart’s Cyphral Octastich (1652) and Distich (1653) — transcription: 1653 distich leaf (NLS H.32.a.39) and its position 56 = 38; octastich sums and p. 149 'Colonel' checked; pointer to a source: photographs of the 1652 pp. 156-159: no leaf missing; numbers 158 and 159 both on printed [158]; distich variants suggested

Bryan Payne @bdpayne

With OpenAI Codex: additional research and transcriptions for catalogue450, including key219 / printed1771 fragment match. Catalogue 681 continuation, with OpenAI Codex (GPT-6): transcriptions, key-use chronology and prior decipherment pointers.

transcription ×2 · identification · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Satoru

satoru.net; worked with Claude Opus 5.5.

solution · identification · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Harrison Bornstein @harrison-bornstein

Directed Claude Code on catalogue 885 (ibrahim1548, PR #196: the Malvezzi key as the candidate) and on DL 46150 (buda1490, PR #199).

solution · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Paolo Rosson @pangoleen

Directed Claude in the independent Ranzo / Centurione 1528 cipher solution reported 6 October 2026, and in the first reading of the Baudouin-Desportes League cipher letters of 22 July 1593 (1 October 2026).

solution · verification · earlier solution · their write-ups →

Richard Bean @RichardBean

key or decipherment used · transcription · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Ivan Parisi

key or decipherment used · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Jean-François Bouchaudy

Photographs and study of Napoleon's Grand Chiffre tables (Service historique de la Défense).

key or decipherment used · pointer to a source · their write-ups →

Adam Wright

pointer to a source · their write-ups →

  • Burghley to Walsingham, 29 January 1573 — pointer to a source: pointed to the Folger 'Elizabethan Court Day by Day, 1573' summary of this letter (after Read 1960), which identified the cover-names (Davison = Maisonfleur, Hall = the Queen, Glasgow and [9] = Alençon, La Mole)

Alain Dufour

Genevan historian; editor of René de Lucinge's letters (Droz 1964, 1966) and of the Geneva-Savoy war of 1589-93.

identification · their write-ups →

Olaf Ostwald

Co-author with Frode Weierud of 'Modern Cryptanalysis of the Truppenschlüssel' (Cryptologia) and of the CryptoCellar transcriptions of the German Army TS messages of 1941.

transcription · their write-ups →

Stephen Houston

Brown University; with Felipe Rojas, 'The Devil's Writing', Maya Decipherment, 6 Apr 2024: transcribed and translated Ambrogio's f. 212v-213r account, including the trident sentence.

pointer to a source · their write-ups →

johonn @johonn

Directed Claude Code in rebuilding the 1729 Port Sainte-Marie code from its deciphered sibling enclosures and applying it to the undeciphered report in Huntington mssBLA 191 (newcastle1729, October 2026).

solution · their write-ups →

Ben Davies

Broke German Army Truppenschlüssel messages of 1941 in September 2026, marked (AI) for AI-assisted on the CryptoCellar 1941 Message List, among them net pz6 Nr. 88-97 of 4 July 1941.

earlier solution · their write-ups →

Ilia Chirtulov

First to find (reported to S. Tomokiyo, 4 Oct 2026, and on Cryptiana on 12 Oct 2026) that the Great Cipher of 1812 reads the cryptogram catalogued as Berthier to Napoleon, 22 Dec 1812, and that its writer is King Joseph (napoleon).

earlier solution · their write-ups →

Norbert Paefgen

Broke German Army Truppenschlüssel messages of 1941 in September 2026 (CryptoCellar 1941 Message List), among them net pz6 Nr. 88-97 of 4 July 1941.

earlier solution · their write-ups →

03 The project

The rest of the work is the project’s own: Daniel Bourdeau chose and checked the targets, and the transcription, cryptanalysis and write-ups were done with Anthropic’s Claude models in Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5, claude-opus-5, chatgpt-astra-6, claude-fable-5-1). Of 685 profiled targets, 461 are the project’s own results, and 96 of them recovered a key by cryptanalysis. 224 targets came wholly or partly from outside contributors and are marked as such: they are left out of the LLM-performance figures. The project’s share is not ranked above: the table is for contributors.

04 What the work builds on

Keys and decipherments made at the time, earlier editions, and the databases the images and records come from. Most targets were taken from Satoshi Tomokiyo’s catalogue, Elonka Dunin’s list and Klaus Schmeh’s Top 50; a listing alone is not counted as a credit.

SourceTargets
Contemporary key or decipherment A key sheet, decipherment or clear copy made at the time (chancery, deciphering office, the recipient's secretary), found in the archive.254
Gustav Adolph Bergenroth 11
DECODE database The DECODE database of historical ciphers (Megyesi et al.): images, transcriptions and keys contributed by many people.10
Sebastián Puig y Puig Pedro de Luna, último papa de Aviñón (Barcelona 1920): deciphered Benedict XIII's cipher letters.7
Worthington Chauncey Ford 6
Patrick Forbes 5
Thomas Birch A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe (1742).4
Founders Online (The Papers of James Madison) 4
Étienne Bazeries 3
Jules Berger de Xivrey Recueil des lettres missives de Henri IV (1843-76).3
William K. Boyd 3
Giuseppe Mazzatinti 3
Aloys Meister 3
Iván Nagy and Albert Nyáry Magyar Diplomácziai Emlékek Mátyás király korából I-IV (1875-78).3
Albert Berzeviczy Aragoniai Beatrix magyar királyné életére vonatkozó okiratok (1914).2
J. S. Brewer 2
Arthur Clifford Editor, The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler (Edinburgh 1809).2
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Julian P. Boyd and successors) Princeton edition, 1950-; decoded Jefferson's coded correspondence from partly reconstructed keys (Code No. 11 and others), printed on Founders Online.2
Denis-Louis-Martial Avenel 1
Gustave Baguenault de Puchesse 1
Joseph Bain 1
Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff German ambassador at Washington 1908-17; printed the German texts of his own cipher telegrams in Deutschland und Amerika (Berlin 1920).1
María José Bertomeu Masiá Editor of La guerra secreta de Carlos V contra el Papa (Valencia/Murcia 2009), Granvelle's correspondence on Parma and Piacenza, which prints Diego Hurtado de Mendoza's letter of 29 May 1548 with its cipher deciphered (doc. 34; mendoza1548).1
Carlos Bosch García Documentos de la relación de México con los Estados Unidos III (UNAM, 1984): prints Powhatan Ellis's 1836 despatches with the coded passages in clear.1
V.-L. Bourrilly and P. de Vaissière 1
Albert Büchi 1
M. N. Bucuré Nápoles 1547: cartas cifradas y secretos de Estado (Estudios Románicos 34, 2025): a partial key and the code words of the Spanish cipher used by Pedro de Toledo, Charles V and Diego Hurtado de Mendoza in 1547-1548 (mendoza1548).1
Th. Bussemaker BMHG 27 (1906): Dutch summaries with verbatim French sentences of d'Affry's intercepted letters.1
G. G. Butler The Edmondes Papers (Roxburghe Club, 1913).1
Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de España (CODOIN) Madrid, 1842-95; prints Spanish state papers, ciphered passages from the secretariat's decipherments.1
Herman Theodoor Colenbrander 1
Charles R. King 1
John Davys An Essay on the Art of Decyphering (London 1737): deciphered and printed Wallis's undeciphered Buckingham letter.1
L. Didier Editor of Lettres et négociations de Claude de Mondoucet (1891-92).1
Ezechiel Foxcroft The Hermetick Romance (1690), English translation of the Chymische Hochzeit with its inscriptions in clear.1
Vilmos Fraknói 1
Gabbrielli (Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Chiavi delle cifre, 1863-64) 1
Pascual de Gayangos and Vicente de la Fuente Cartas de los secretarios del cardenal Cisneros (Madrid 1875), printed from the 1849 Simancas decipherment.1
Claudio Pérez Gredilla Head of the Simancas archive; his 19th-century decipherment printed by Danvila (Memorial Histórico Español 38, 1899).1
Joseph Alexander von Hübner 1
Gaillard Hunt Editor of the Journals of the Continental Congress vols. 16-27 (Library of Congress, 1910-28), printed from the journals; vol. 21 (1912) pp. 853-854 gives the clear text of Lovell's partly ciphered extract of 10 Aug 1781.1
Hans Kiewning Editor of Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland IV, Nuntiatur des Pallotto (1895-97).1
Joachim Le Grand 1
Albert C. Leighton 1
Jean Lestocquoy 1
Gilbert Parke Editor, Letters and Correspondence of Bolingbroke (1798).1
Adolf Patera Czech philologist and librarian; editor of Jana Amosa Komenského korrespondence (Praha 1892), whose footnote deciphers Comenius's cipher sentence of 4 Aug 1655.1
Politische Correspondenz Friedrichs des Grossen Berlin edition of Frederick II's political correspondence (1879-); prints the minutes of ciphered letters.1
Sheila R. Richards Secret Writing in the Public Records (HMSO 1974), cited by Lasry as Secret Writings (1973).1
Christoph von Rommel 1
Dietrich Schäfer 1
Rémy Scheurer 1
Traugott Schiess 1
Henrik Schück Editor of Gustav III:s och Lovisa Ulrikas brevväxling; printed1771 cipher fragments and identified names used in catalogue450 research.1
J. A. Sillem Biographer of Dirk van Hogendorp (1890).1
Joseph Stevenson 1
Harold C. Syrett (The Papers of Alexander Hamilton) Editor of The Papers of Alexander Hamilton (Columbia University Press, 1961-87), on Founders Online; vol. 23 (1976) traces the Rozier cipher letters of 1798-99 and Pickering's check of them.1
Sándor Szilágyi Hungarian historian (1827-1899); editor of Monumenta Hungariae Historica, Diplomataria XXIII (1874), which prints the Rákóczi envoys' cipher table (p. 740), and of Erdély és az északkeleti háború I (1890), whose note on p. 393 gives the decipherment of Comenius's sentence of 4 Aug 1655.1
Friedrich Techen 1
Casimiro Tempesti 1
Royall Tyler 1
Uppsala University Library (C collection catalogue) 1
Vestigia (Hungarian documents in the Archivio di Stato di Milano) Online edition of Milanese documents on Hungary; its document 194 (ASMi Sforzesco 642, minute of 30 Nov 1490) is the clear copy behind the buda1490 key.1
Wilhelm Wattenbach 1
Zhongshan Warship Museum 1

05 Waiting for an independent check

168 readings whose key was recovered or matched here and that no one outside the project has checked yet. A check means taking the images and the key on the write-up, deciphering a passage independently, and reporting what agrees and what does not. It is the most useful contribution after a solution; how to send one.

06 Readings to take further

185 write-ups are read in part. Each lists what is still open in its notes: code groups with no value yet, passages hard to read on the images, letters for which no key is known, pieces that need the original in the archive. Any of these can be pushed towards a fuller reading: a value for a code group, a better reading of a line, a key found in another volume, a look at the manuscript. Those with open code groups come first, as the most workable from the images alone; how to send it. Each one also has its own page with its gaps and instructions to hand an AI agent: Read further. Gaps that need the original or a book out of reach are listed by archive on To the archive, for anyone who can visit or order. The same list, with the summaries, is on the write-ups page.