Pál Bornemisza to Ferdinand I on the Kendi treason, Transylvania, c. 1556

transcription_p1-2.md

# R1212 transcription, pages 1-2

Working transcription from img/p1.png and img/p2.png (crops a1_*.jpg, a2_*.jpg).
Conventions: clear text as written (abbreviations expanded in <angle brackets>); [word] = deciphered
word, taken from the contemporary interlinear gloss unless marked "key"; {24} = numeric code (unglossed);
(?) = uncertain reading; [...] = illegible; ~~x~~ = struck through. Sign transcriptions use:
Δ/3/5=a, L=b, 9=c, ꝛ=d, y=e, o/θ=f, B=g, #=h, Π/K=i, ϐ=k, 4=l, Ϙ/Ø=m, P=n, x/φ/v=o, A=p, Ɔ=r,
σ=s, Ω=t, C=u/v, π=x (key DECODE R1211, supplied mid-task).

Line numbers are manuscript lines (cipher rows and the clear rows between them); the interlinear gloss
row belongs to the cipher row beneath it. Line breaks on this page slope downward to the right, so the
assignment of a few right-hand words to lines is itself uncertain and is flagged.

## Page 1

**1.** D<omi>ne(?) [...] Thur(?) Prim(?) [horum] [omnium] [mo..(?)]
- signs: #θƆCØ = h o r u m (fits gloss "horum"); xØPΠΛØ = o m n i u m (fits); ØvΩ = m o t (3 signs; gloss reads "molem"(?)/"motum"(?) - count does not fit a 5-letter gloss; gloss uncertain).

**2.** Comendaui hactenus semper V<est>rae Sacr<atissim>ae M<aies>t<a>t<is>(?) hominem [per]
- superscripts: "a" over Sacr, "as" over Mt (so possibly "Maiestas"). AyƆ = p e r at far right (gloss "per") - it sits between rows 2 and 3; taken with row 2 ("per-" + "fidia" = perfidia).
- small interlinear word "Illmi(?)" written at left above row 3, partly smudged (possibly struck).

**3.** [fidia] de bonis omnibus(?) [acusare] quibus(?) omne(?) de [...] [debeo] missimi(?) [...]
- OΠꝛΠΔ = f i d i a (gloss "fidia"; key fits exactly, so row 2-3 = "per|fidia").
- Δ9CσΔƆy = a c u s a r e (7 signs, gloss "acusare" 7 letters - fits).
- ꝛ yLx = d e b o (gloss "debeo"; 4 signs for 5 letters - one e not enciphered, or a sign missed).
- "de bonis omnibus(?) quibus omne de ... missimi(?)" are small words in the gloss hand/row between the lines; their status (clear text vs gloss) is uncertain.

**4.** multus(?) enim alius [causa] [est] [istius] ... [merito]
- 9ΔCσΔ = c a u s a (fits). yσΩ = e s t (fits, gloss "est" written low). ΠσΩ(Π)Cσ = istius (fits, one Π faint).
- ϘyƆΠΩφ = m e r i t o (6 signs, fits "merito").
- first word read "multus" but may be "nullus" (the sense "nullus enim alius causa est" suits better).

**5.** [tumultus] [nostri] [Franciscus]
- ΩCØC4ΩCσ = t u m u l t u s (8 = 8, fits).
- "nostri": signs under it read P K σ Π (4 signs, gloss 6 letters; nostri = PxσΩƆΠ would need 6) - partly illegible; gloss accepted.
- θƆƆ3P9Πσ9Cσ = f r (r) a n c i s c u s (one extra stroke read as a second Ɔ; otherwise fits "Franciscus").

**6.** [Kendi] [ter] [perfidus] ...
- ϐyPꝛΠ = k e n d i (fits "Kendi"). ΩyƆ = t e r (fits "ter"). AyƆ oΠꝛCσ = p e r f i d u s (split across the line; fits).

**7.** [induxit] [Antonium] [Kendi] [et] ... [esse] ad hoc
- ΠPꝛCπΠΩ = i n d u x i t (fits). 5PΩφPΠCØ = a n t o n i u m (fits). ϐyPꝛΠ yΩ = Kendi et (fits).
- gloss "esse" stands over signs read ΠΔσy (i a s e) - does NOT fit "esse" (y σ σ y) as read; either a misread first two signs or a gloss mismatch. Flagged.
- order of the words in rows 6-7 is: ... ter perfidus [esse(?)] ad hoc induxit Antonium Kendi et

**8.** [Melchiorem] [Balassa] [aliosque] [non] ...
- ϘyL(4)9#Πφ ƆyϘ = m e l c h i o r e m (fits). LΔ4Δσσ5 = b a l a s s a (fits "Balassa").
- Δ4Πxσ = a l i o s + clear "que" (gloss "aliosq"). PvP = n o n (fits "non"; gloss written a little to the left).
- left margin: "Siculi vel Saxones" / "44".

**9.** [multos] [ex] [nobilibus] et [...] ~~Copia~~
- ϘC4Ωxσ = m u l t o s (fits). yπ = e x (fits "ex"). PxLΠ4ΠLCσ = n o b i l i b u s (fits).
- after "et": two signs AA(?) with the word "Copia" written over and struck; unread.

**10.** ~~instructa(?) pro certo~~ o[...] [ferit(?)] [...] [autem] [perfidus]
- the words "instructa(?) pro certo" are struck through at line start.
- "o" + 9ΔΩ with glosses "ferit(?)" / "sanc(?)" above: not resolved (o 9 Δ Ω = f c a t ?). Flagged as uncertain.
- ΔCΩyϘ = a u t e m (fits "autem"). AyƆ oΠꝛCσ = perfidus (fits).
- left margin: "Zij(?)" struck through with a long stroke.

**11.** [homo] [sane(?)] [prodicionem] ex [pusillanimitate]
- #xϘx = h o m o (first sign read Π, but # fits; one struck sign after it).
- σ(?)ΔP9 = s a n c ... gloss "sanc(?)" - uncertain.
- AƆφꝛΠ9ΠxPyϘ = p r o d i c i o n e m (11 signs, fits "prodicionem").
- ACσΠ44ΔPΠϘΠΩΔꝛy = p u s i l l a n i m i t a d(t) e (15 signs, fits "pusillanimitate"; ꝛ for t).

**12.** ~~2ij(?)~~ Qij(?) bene [sua] et [desperatione] [nimia] terra celum(?)
- struck word "2ÿ" then "Qÿ"(?) in clear.
- σC5 = s u a (fits). ꝛyσAyƆΔ(9?)ΠxPy = d e s p e r a t i o n e (the t-sign looks like 9; otherwise fits).
- PΠϘΠΔ = n i m i a (fits). "terra celum" clear, followed by a squeezed word at the edge ("-que"?).

**13.** = plena(?) [obruant] ~~fame~~ [hunc] [...] Bene [maledicti]
- θLƆC3PΩ = o b r u a n t (fits "obruant"; gloss written "obruam"(?)). "fame" struck above.
- #CP9 = h u n c (fits). ϘΔ4yꝛ | Π9ΩΠ = m a l e d | i c t i (runs onto next line; fits "maledicti").
- left margin: "=".

**14.** [...maledicti] [proditorem] Copiae q<ui>/qui ...
- AƆxꝛΠΩxƆyϘ = p r o d i t o r e m (fits; the first part is crossed by the gloss).
- left margin: a hatched mark like "#" / "卌".

**15.** [perdidit] [hoc] Regnu<m> a M<aiesta>te V<est>ra
- AyƆꝛΠꝛΠΩ = p e r d i d i t (8 = 8, fits). #φ9 = h o c (fits).

**16.** sa<cr>a(?), multo omen(?) [nemo] [alius] {24}
- PyϘx = n e m o (fits). Δ4ΠCσ = a l i u s (fits).
- left margin: "24" / "15" / "10" (repeating the codes of this and the next line).

**17.** {15} et {10} ultra portam(?) [solicitantur]
- σφ4Π9ΠΩΔPΩ | CƆ = s o l i c i t a n t | u r (runs to next line; fits).

**18.** [ut] [in] [hoc] [regnum] [veniant]
- CΩ = u t; KP = i n; #x9 = h o c (first sign 6-like with struck "m" above); ƆyBPCϘ = r e g n u m; CyPΠ | 3PΩ = v e n i | a n t. All fit.

**19.** [...ant] porro proh dolor, Haec V<est>rae Sacr<atissim>ae

**20.** M<aiesta>ti breuibus perscripsi sed vere, in qua re nullu<m>

**21.** est dubiu<m> {41}.{10}.{55}.{78}.{18} interfecti(?) sunt
- left margin: "41 / 10 / 55 / 78 / 18" in a column.

**22.** adhuc ad Sacra<m> M<aiesta>tem V<est>ram [expectant]
- yπAy9Ω | ΔPΩ = e x p e c t | a n t (fits; gloss written "expectam").

**23.** [...ant] q<uae>(?) recursiones [auxilium] à [sacra]
- ΔCπΠ4ΠCϘ = a u x i l i u m (fits).

**24.** [sacra] [Maiestate] praesidium(?) [Vestra(s)]
- σ3 | 9Ɔ3 = s a | c r a (fits "sacra", split across lines).
- Ϙ3ΠyσΩ...3Ωy = m a i e s t (a t e) (gloss "Mte", fits).
- CyσΩƆ3σ = u e s t r a s (gloss "Vra"; one extra s - "vestras"?).

**25.** sine ordine. [sed] [non] [diu] neque(?) [si]
- σyꝛ = s e d (fits); PφP = n o n (fits); ꝛΠC = d i u (fits); σΠ = s i (fits). "38" in pencil = later foliation.

**26.** [gentes] [plures] [nunc] ... [adessent]
- ByPΩyσ = g e n t e s (fits); A4CƆyσ = p l u r e s (fits); PCP9 = n u n c (fits).
- Δꝛy σσ | yPΩ = a d e s s | e n t (fits "adessent").

**27.** [cum] [bono] [Capitaneo] prop-
- 9CϘ = c u m (fits); LxPx = b o n o (fits); 93AΠΩ3Pyx = c a p i t a n e o (fits).

**28.** -terea. vulnus adhuc [sanabile] [esset]
- σ3PΔLΠ4y = s a n a b i l e (fits); yσσyΩ = e s s e t (fits).

## Page 2

**1.** feliciter Regia M<aies>tas [dicam] [iterum(?)] [quod] [so-]
- ꝛΠ9AϘ = d i c (p) m (gloss "dicam"; 4th sign drawn as a bold A, which the key gives as p - read as Δ/a; minor mismatch).
- ΠΩyƆ(9)Cφ = i t e r (c) u o (gloss read "iterum"(?), 7 signs for 6 letters; the gloss word itself is faint - uncertain).
- ҀCθꝛ = q u o d (fits). σ = s (start of "solus", gloss written on the next row).

**2.** [-lus] [Franciscus] [Kendi] [perdidit] [regnum] [a]
- x4Cσ = o l u s -> "s|olus" (gloss "Solus", fits). θƆ3P9Πσ9Cσ = franciscus (fits). ϐyPꝛΠ = kendi (fits).
- AyƆꝛΠꝛΠΩ = perdidit (fits). ƆyBPCϘ = regnum (fits). 3 = a (gloss "a", fits).

**3.** [Maiestate] Bene [Vestra] ligna nec non, [nemo] [alius]
- Ϙ5ΠyσꝛΔꝛy = m a i e s d a d e (gloss "Mte"; t written with the ꝛ-form, as elsewhere; fits in count).
- CyσΩƆΔ = u e s t r a (gloss "Vra", fits). PyϘx = nemo (fits). Δ4 = | ΠCσ = a l | i u s (fits, split).

**4.** [-ius]. profligati sunt hostes. [hoc] [ita] [verum] [est] [sicut] [Evan-]
- #x9 = hoc (fits). ΠΩ3 = i t a (fits). CyƆCϘ = verum (fits). yσΩ = est (fits). σΠ9CΩ = sicut (fits). yC = e v (start of Evangelium).

**5.** [-angelium] etenim [Christi] sine ordine nequaquam, [absque] [eius]
- ΔPBy4ΠCϘ = angelium (fits, with yC above). 9ƆΠσΩΠ = christi (fits, no h). ΔLσҀCy = absque (fits). yΠCσ = eius (fits).

**6.** [consilio] [nihil] [fit] [in] [hoc(?)] [regno] ergo [ipse] [alios]
- 9vPσK4~x = consilio (fits; ~ = i). P(x)Π(Π)4 = nihil (one sign read x where # is expected).
- oxΩ = f o t (gloss "fit"; middle sign looks like x, not Π - minor mismatch). ΠP = in (fits).
- "hoc" gloss stands over a single sign read Π/# - apparently abbreviated. ƆyBPv = regno (fits).
- ΠAσy = ipse (fits). Δ4Kφσ = a l i o s (the gloss reads like "Almos" but the key and the signs give "alios"; the gloss is "alios").

**7.** ~~timorem(?)~~ [hos] [tumultus] [excitare] [inflammare] [alias]
- the gloss hand first wrote "timorem(?)" and struck it.
- #xσ = h o s (gloss "hos", fits). ΩCϘ(C)4Ωxσ = tumultus (one sign read x for C).
- yπ9KΩ3ƆƆy = excitare (one Ɔ doubled in my reading; otherwise fits).
- ΠPoƆϘ5 CΠΩ = i n f r m a ... (gloss "inflammare"; the signs as read do not give it cleanly - flagged).
- 3 4 ÷ 5 σ = a l i a s (gloss "alias", fits exactly). NOTE: this "3 4" is two letter-signs inside a run (a, l), not code 34.

**8.** [non] [evenissent] manifestum excidium [quamvis] [horribiles]
- PvP = non (fits). y(θ)PxσσyΩ = e ? n ? s s e t (gloss "evenissent"; 2-3 signs misread or omitted).
- ҀCΔϘC~σ = quamvis (fits). (#)vƆƆΠLK4yσ = horribiles (fits; first sign faint).

**9.** ~~malitiam(?)~~ [militum] Transflumen [Vai-]
- struck gloss before "militum". ϘΠ4KΩCϘ = militum (fits). C3Π = v a i (start of "Vaiuodarum", gloss on the next row).

**10.** [querelae] [contra] [insolentiam]
- ҀyƆy4y = q e r e l e (gloss "querela"; 6 signs, u not enciphered). 9xPΩƆΔ = contra (fits).
- KPσv4yP9ΠϘ = i n s o l e n c i m (gloss "insolentiam"; spelled with c, one a missing).

**11.** [-uodarum] [passim] [fuere] ~~Deti~~ [de] [virginum] [tenera-]
- CxꝛƷƆCϘ = u o d a r u m -> "Vaiuodarum" (voivodes; fits with C3Π). AΔσσΠϘ = passim (fits). oCyƆy = fuere (fits).
- ꝛy = de (gloss "de", struck "Deti" before it). CΠƆBKPCϘ = virginum (fits). ΩyPyƆ3 = tenera- (gloss "teneram").

**12.** [-rum] ~~Defta~~ [defloracionibus] [et] [hoc] [in] [publica(e)]
- ƆCϘ = r u m -> "tenerarum". ꝛyo4(x)Ɔ39KxPΠLCσ = defloracionibus (fits, spelled with c). yΩ = et.
- #φ9 = hoc; ΠP = in; ACL4Π93 = publica (fits); a further sign Ω/2 follows (= e? "publicae").

**13.** [trium] [nacionum] [presente] [conventu] in posterum
- (Ω)ƆΠCϘ = trium. PΔ9ΠxPCϘ = nacionum (fits, c for t). AƆyσyPΩ = presente (fits). 9φPCyPΩ(C) = conventu (fits), then σ.

**14.** non est dubium, [multae] [coniugatarum] [violaciones]
- ϘC4Ωy = multe (fits "multae"). 9xPΠCBΔΩxƆCϘ = coniugatarum (x for a once).
- CΠφ439 | KxPyσ = v i o l a c | i o n e s (fits, spelled "violaciones").

**15.** profligati sunt hostes [ultra] [alia] [spolia] [mul-]
- C4ΩƆ5 = ultra (fits). 54ΠΔ = alia (fits). σAφ4Π5 = spolia (gloss read "spolia"; fits). Ϙ = m (start of "multa").

**16.** [-ulta]. proh dolor, [quae] [enumerare] [homo] ~~no~~ [non] [possit]
- C4Ω3 = u l t a (fits "multa"). ҀCy = que (fits "quae"). yPCϘyƆΔƆy = enumerare (fits).
- #φv(?) = h o o (gloss "homo", 3 signs for 4 letters; one sign lost or misread). The gloss hand wrote "no" after "homo" and struck it.
- PxP = non; AxσσΠΩ = possit (split "Axσ=" | "σΠΩ"; fits).

**17.** [-sit] Transflumen.
- remainder of the page is blank. Right edge: "27" and "2" belong to the neighbouring leaf, not to this page.

## Summary

**Counts** (from the running-text lines above, struck words and numeric codes excluded; words split across
lines, e.g. [so-]|[-lus], count twice, so both figures are slightly high): about 259 Latin word tokens, of
which about 152 are deciphered (bracketed). Allowing for about 20 split words: roughly 240 words, ~135 deciphered.

**Unglossed or unresolved cipher runs**
- p1 l.1: ØvΩ (m o t) - gloss unclear ("molem"(?)); does not fit a 5-letter word.
- p1 l.9: two signs "AA"(?) after "et", with "Copia" written over them and struck - unread.
- p1 l.10: "o" and 9ΔΩ (f; c a t) under the glosses "ferit(?)" / "sanc(?)" - unresolved.
- p1 l.11: σ(?)ΔP9 under the gloss "sanc(?)" (s/h a n c) - probably "hanc" if the first sign is #.
- p2 l.12: trailing sign Ω/2 after ACL4Π93 ("publica" + e?).
- No run of any length was found with no gloss at all; the doubtful items above are short and partly
  covered by glosses. The run C3Π (p2 l.9) looked unglossed but is the start of "Vaiuodarum".

**Numeric codes** (all on page 1; none in page 2)
- {24}: "sacra(?), multo omen(?) nemo alius {24} {15} et {10} ultra portam(?) solicitantur ut in hoc regnum veniant" (p1 l.16-18). Margin repeats 24 / 15 / 10.
- {15}, {10}: same sentence as above.
- {41}.{10}.{55}.{78}.{18}: "in qua re nullum est dubium, {41}.{10}.{55}.{78}.{18} interfecti(?) sunt" (p1 l.20-21). Margin repeats 41 / 10 / 55 / 78 / 18 (the second number could be 70; the margin figure looks like "10"/"70").
- {44}: marginal only, "Siculi vel Saxones 44", beside the Melchior Balassa line (p1 l.8).
- "34" on p2 l.7 is NOT a code: "3 4 ÷ 5 σ" = a l i a s under the gloss "alias". "27" and "2" at the right of the p2 photo are on the neighbouring leaf.

**Gloss check against the signs (key R1211)**
Checked letter by letter, gloss fits sign count and values:
- causa 9ΔCσΔ (5/5); tumultus ΩCØC4ΩCσ (8/8); merito ϘyƆΠΩφ (6/6); perfidus AyƆoΠꝛCσ (8/8);
  induxit ΠPꝛCπΠΩ (7/7); Antonium 5PΩφPΠCØ (8/8); Melchiorem (10/10); nobilibus PxLΠ4ΠLCσ (9/9);
  prodicionem AƆφꝛΠ9ΠxPyϘ (11/11); perdidit AyƆꝛΠꝛΠΩ (8/8); auxilium ΔCπΠ4ΠCϘ (8/8);
  sanabile σ3PΔLΠ4y (8/8); Capitaneo (9/9); enumerare yPCϘyƆΔƆy (9/9); alias 34÷5σ (5/5).
Mismatches or doubtful fits:
- p1 "debeo" over ꝛyLx (4 signs = d e b o).
- p1 "esse" over signs read ΠΔσy (i a s e) - misread or wrong gloss.
- p1 "nostri" over signs read PKσΠ (4 for 6).
- p2 "Almos" as the gloss is read: the signs Δ4Kφσ give "alios"; the gloss must be "alios".
- p2 "homo" over 3 signs #φv; "querela" over 6 signs q e r e l e; "insolentiam" over 10 signs (a missing);
  "evenissent" over signs with 2-3 unread; "dicam" 4th sign is the key's p-sign, not a; "fit" middle sign looks like o.
- Spellings the signs confirm: acusare, prodicionem, desperacione(?), nacionum, defloracionibus, violaciones (c for t).

transcription_p3-4.md

# R1212 — transcription of p3–p4 (cipher letter with interlinear decipherment)

Conventions: clear text as written; [deciphered] = cipher run with contemporary gloss (gloss reading given);
{n} = numeric name code; (?) uncertain; […] illegible. Signs transcribed with the working glyph set
(Π i, Δ a, P n, σ s, C u, Ϙ m, 4 l, x o, ꝛ d/t, # h, Θ o, Ɔ r; others described). Crops: img/a3_*.jpg, a4_*.jpg
(400 px left margin, 300 px step, 460 px bands, downscaled 1700 wide). Resolution of the glosses is modest:
readings marked (?) should be checked on the full PNG.

## p3

- L1: Practica Thur. Prim. [horum] [omnium] [motuum] — signs: # Θ Ɔ C Ϙ | x Ϙ P Π Δ(?) Ϙ | Ϙ C Ɔ(?) ...
  (the "motuum" run continues at the line end; gloss "motuu[m]" at right edge).
- L2: [perniciosam(?)] ... — signs at line start `h Δ Ϙ`, then gloss "et" over `γ Ω`, then `A M Ͻ P Π 9 K V σ Δ Ͻ x Ϙ`
  under the gloss "perniciosam"; then at right the numeral-like run **0399** (read as signs 0 3 9 9, no gloss → see below).
  Running text (tentative): "[…factionum?] [et] [perniciosam(?)] {0399?}".
- L3: [factionum] [et(?)] feudatar[ius] [unicus] [author] [h…] Buda — gloss "factionum" is written below L2 / above L3
  start over `γ P C Ϙ`; "unicus" over `Λ P K 9 C P`; "author" over `5 h Ω` (?); then `# V Ͻ` (unglossed? probably
  a short word, e.g. "hic"/"huius"(?)) and clear "Buda".
- L4: [et] [certissimus] … [est] … feliciter … — signs `M Ω 9 2 Ͻ Π σ σ ~ Ϙ C σ 2 σ 2`; glosses "et", "certissimus",
  "est"; clear "feliciter"; line-end run `0 Ͻ 5 E` with gloss "-ius" (?) above.
- L5: [Franciscus] [Kendi] … [Hungar(ia)] … pro certo … — signs `= 9 σ 9 ⌐ σ.` under "Franciscus Kendi";
  "Hungar." written over an ink blot; then `B 2 P T2 K R C` (gloss "Defensione" is on the next interline and
  belongs to L6 start? — placement ambiguous); clear "pro certo"; line-end `T2 Y` unglossed.
- L6: [Desperatus] [de] […] [defensione] … bene — signs `σ A Z Ͻ 5 Ω C σ. T2 M T2 Y σ 2 P σ Π δ P 2`;
  glosses "Desperatus" "de" "5ra(?)" "defensione"; clear "bene".
- L7: copie instructe [sacre] [M(aiesta)tis] [vestre(?)] … — signs `σ Δ 9 Ͻ 2 Ϙ Δ K 2 σ σ Ω 5 Ω Π σ C`;
  gloss "Sacre M^tis"; remainder of the run (`Ϙ Δ K 2 σ σ Ω 5 Ω Π σ C`) has no gloss legible above it → unglossed (?).
- L8: [vestre] [intellexerat] frena equorum [postrema(?)] … — signs `γ σ 2 Ͻ 2` under "vestre"/"intellexerat"
  (struck? "intellexerat" appears underlined/struck); clear "frena equorum"; `A Θ σ Ω γ Δ ¢ Λ 3 Ϙ K P`
  with gloss "postrema(?)" over the first part; "arces" over the end of the run (glossed at L9 level).
- L9: [arces(?)] … terra recursiones … [esse] — signs `Ω γ 4 4 M π 2 Ͻ V P Ω`; gloss "Babolcsa(?)" below/over
  L10; clear "terra recursiones"; `3 Ͻ 9 2 σ` with gloss "esse"; gloss "amissas" between.
- L10: [Babolcsa] … et alias … — signs `L Δ L Θ 4 9 Π Π ~ 3` = gloss "Babolcsa" (placename, Babócsa); clear "et alias";
  `3 ¢ Π σ σ 5 σ 2 σ` glossed "amissas" (?) / "ab"; line end "Telem..." (?) partially visible.
- L11: {27} [qui] [nunc] [sperat] [ab] … [pro] [Principatu] … — signs `σ M ¢ V ~ P x P 9 σ A 2 Ͻ Δ 2 3 L Z 7`;
  glosses "qui", "nunc", "sperat", "ab", "pro Principatu"; margin numeral **27** at line start.
  Line end "tehem…" (?).
- L12: [auxilium] … [Transsylvanie] … plura … — signs `C 2 π Π 4 4 ? ~ Ϙ` (gloss "auxilium" above / "Transsylvanie"
  below); clear "plura"; `A Ͻ x A Ͻ Π P 9 K A 3 Ω` glossed "habitum(?)".
- L13: {34} mia excursiones [sub] [quosdam(?)] … prestigiati sunt [praetexta(?)] — "et me" struck through (?)
  written below; signs `Π L Π Ω ~ Ͻ h Ϙ` with glosses "sub", "quosdam"; clear "mia excursiones", "prestigiati sunt";
  gloss "praetextu(?)" over the following run. Numeral **34** at line start.
- L14: hostes [et] [me] [transsylvanica(?)] … [alliciebat] [blandiciis] — signs `γ Ω ~ Ϙ 2 σ C L ¢ C x T2 3 R A Ͻ Z Ω M π`;
  glosses "Transsylvanica(?)", "alliciebat", "blandiciis".
- L15: … insidie poste {34} , … — signs `Ω ~` (unglossed), clear "insidie poste", {34}, then `4 Π 9 K 2 L 3 Ω L 4 3 R`
  glossed "suis" / "in isto" (below).
- L16: … pecunia — signs `T2 Π Δ K ~ Π σ C ~ σ K P Π σ Ω ~` with glosses "suis", "in isto" above; clear "pecunia".
- L17: [Episcopatu] [debere] [permanere] … — signs `γ A Π σ 9 Θ A 3 Ω C T2 γ L 2 Ͻ γ A Z Ͻ Ϙ 3 R`;
  glosses "Episcopatu", "debere", "permanere"; the line-end run `A Z Ͻ Ϙ 3 R` carries gloss "quod(?)"/"Albam"
  written below it (belongs to L18).
- L18: [Z Ͻ M ?] uno tantum defectu [quod(?)] [Albam] … — signs at start `2 Ͻ M` (glossed "cederem(?)" below?);
  clear "uno tantum defectu"; `σ 2 δ` (ꝛ-shaped, possibly a code group or "quod"); `¢ h V T2 3 4 L 5` glossed
  "Albam" / "[me] residentia" (next interline). Start sign group `2 Ͻ M` has no clear gloss above → unglossed (?).
- L19: [cederem] … malum omen … [et(?)] [ego] [in] … — signs `9 γ T2 M Ͻ Ϙ A Ͻ x` glossed "cederem" and "filio"
  (below, for L20); clear "malum omen"; `Ͻ γ σ Π T2 M` glossed "(me) residentia" above, "et", "ego", "in".
  "me" before "residentia" appears struck through.
- L20: {52} . [filio] … multa milia [et] […] — margin numeral **52.**; signs `P 9 Π 3 Θ ~ 4 K . 5 2 .` gloss "filio"
  over the first part only; the rest (`4 K . 5 2`) unglossed (?) — may be a second code "52"; clear "multa milia";
  `γ Ω` = [et]; `Z B V K P` glossed "arce Jaue(?)"/"ego in" — placement uncertain.
- L21: [arce(?)] [Jaue(?)] … [residerem] [Alba] [in domo] … sine ordi- — signs `3 Ͻ 9 2 B ~ Δ 4 C Ͻ` (glosses
  "arce Jaue(?)", "et aliquando" below); `γ Alba(?)` — "Alba" written as gloss "Albe(?)"; `Π T2 γ 9 Ϙ` glossed
  "residerem", "in domo"; clear "sine ordi-".
- L22: -ne [et] [aliquando] {34}(?) … [Prepositi] … — clear "me"(?) at start; signs `2 Ω` [et]; `3 4` (probably the
  name code **34**, unglossed); `□ ¢ C Δ P T2 V Δ 4 L γ Π P T2 x Ϙ` with gloss "Prepositi" under middle part;
  the end of the run `Δ 4 L γ Π P T2 x Ϙ` has no legible gloss → unglossed (?).
- L23: … cum fundamento … palam — signs `V` (start), clear "cum fundamento", `A Ͻ γ A x σ K Ω … Π` (unglossed,
  faint), clear "palam". Gloss "verba" at right belongs to L24.
- L24: manifestum excidium [Hec] [sunt] [verba] [Francisci] [Kendi] [ad] [me] [in] … — signs `Π γ 9 Θ C P Ω C 2 Ͻ L 3`;
  glosses "Hec sunt", "verba", then below "Francisci Kendi", "ad me in".
- L25: [Valarfel(?)] … [sub] [Comitiis] … — signs `0 Ͻ 3 P 9 K σ 9 Π B 2 P T2 Π 3 T2 R 2 K P`; glosses
  "Valarfel(?)"(place name, reading uncertain) below, "sub Comitiis".
- L26: … [in] [conclavi(?)] [ambobus] — signs `C 3 σ Δ Ͻ Π 2 4 σ L L 9 x Ϙ Π 9 K σ`; glosses "in conclavi(?)",
  "ambobus" (gloss partly "tantu[m]" below).
- L27: trans flumen ultra pontem … {134}(?) — clear "trans flumen ultra pontem"; signs `Π P 9 Θ P 9 4 3 C ~`;
  line-end numerals **134** (or "13" + sign); gloss "tantum(?)" "residentibus" below. Run `Π P 9 Θ P 9 4 3 C`
  glossed by "residentibus(?)" — placement uncertain; "sub" struck through after "residentibus".
- L28: [tantu(m)] [residentibus] … signa — signs `L V. [tantu clear?] γ π K σ Ω M P Ω Π L C σ`; glosses
  "si non constasset", "hanc"; clear "signa". The first group `L V.` then "tanti" (clear?).
- L29: nec non [si] [non] [constasset] … [hanc] … — signs `σ Π P V P 9 x P 9 K. Ω Δ σ σ. γ Ω Π 3 P 9`.
- L30: [defectionem] [regem(?)] [a] [M(aiesta)te] [vestra] [Franciscus] … — signs `T2 . M O 2 9 9 Π V P 9 Ϙ Ͻ 2 B . Δ Ϙ 3 Π 2`.
- L31 (last line of p3): **no gloss** — signs `= σ. 2 5 Ω M C γ. σ 2 Ͻ 5 Θ Ͻ Δ P 9 Π σ 9 C σ.`
  (pencil folio number "39" below).

### Revision of p3 after applying the R1211 key (A=Δ,3,5 B=L C=9 D=ꝛ E=y,M,2 F=o H=# I=Π,~,k L=L,4 M=Ϙ,Λ N=P O=φ,x,v P=A Q=Ҁ R=Ɔ S=σ T=Ω U=C,ɧ X=π; 34=Transsylvania, 27=Petrovics)

Corrections to the line notes above (key readings of the signs):
- L1–L2: "motuum" = `Ϙ V Ω` (L1 end) + `h Δ Ϙ` (L2 start) -> m o t | u a(?) m: gloss fits (Δ probably Λ=u).
- L2: `A M Ͻ P Π 9 K V σ Δ …` = p e r n i c i o s a … -> gloss "perniciosam" fits. The line-end **0399 is not a
  number**: `0 3 9 9…` = f a c [c/t] … = start of "factionum" (gloss on L3). Not a code.
- L3: `# V Ͻ` is not a separate word: "author" = `5 h Ω # V Ͻ` = a u t h o r. Fits. "unicus" = `Λ P K 9 C σ` = u n i c u s, fits.
- L4: "certissimus" = `9 2 Ͻ [Ω] Π σ σ ~ Ϙ C σ` fits (a t-sign probably missed in my reading); "et" = `M Ω` fits.
- L12: `A Ͻ x A Ͻ Π P 9 K A 3 Ω` = p r o p r i n c i p a t -> this is "pro Principatu" (gloss belongs here, not L11).
- L13: `(#)Δ L Π Ω ~ … Ϙ` ≈ h a b i t u m -> "habitum".
- L14: after "hostes": `γ Ω ~ Ϙ 2` = e t i m e -> "etiam(?) me"/"et me"; `σ C L ¢ C x T2 3 R` = s u b q u o d a m -> [sub quodam]
  (gloss read "quosdam" is probably "quodam"); `A Ͻ Z Ω M π` = p r e t e x -> [praetextu].
- L15: {34} = Transsylvania: "insidie poste {34}" -> glossed "Transsylvanica" (gloss adapts the code to the case).
  `Δ 4 4 Π 9 K 2 L 3 Ω` = a l l i c i e b a t: gloss "alliciebat" fits. `L 4 3 R…` = b l a n … "blandiciis" fits.
- L17: `γ A Π σ 9 Θ A 3 Ω C` = e p i s c o p a t u ("Episcopatu" fits); `T2 γ L 2 Ͻ γ` = d e b e r e (fits);
  `A Z Ͻ Ϙ 3 R…` = p e r m a n … (fits).
- L24: `# γ 9 σ C P Ω C 2 Ͻ L 3` = h e c s u n t u(v) e r b a -> "Hec sunt verba" fits.
- L25: `0 Ͻ 3 P 9 K σ 9 Π` = f r a n c i s c i -> gloss "Francisci" (I had misplaced it); `6/B 2 P T2 Π` = K e n d i;
  `3 T2 R 2` = a d m e; `K P` = i n.
- L26: `C 3 σ Δ Ͻ Π 2 4 …` = u a s a r i e l … -> **Vasarhel(y)** (the gloss I read "Valarfel" is "Vasarhel");
  `σ C L 9 x Ϙ Π Ω Π Π σ` ≈ s u b c o m i t i i s -> "sub Comitiis".
- L27: `Π P 9 Θ P 9 4 3 C` = i n c o n c l a u -> "in conclavi" fits. The "134" at line end: "13" + sign(?) — not
  secure as a code.
- L28: `γ π K σ Ω M P Ω Π L C σ` = e x i s t e n t i b u s -> the gloss is **existentibus** (my "residentibus" misread).
- L30–L31: `T2 M Θ 2 9 Ω Π V P …` = d e f e c t i o n e … (defectionem); `Δ Ϙ 3 Π 2 σ` (L30 end) + L31
  `5 Ω M C γ σ 2(Ω) Ͻ 5` = a m a i e s | a t e u e s t r a -> "a Maiestate vestra"; `Θ Ͻ Δ P 9 Π σ 9 C σ` = Franciscus.
  **L31 is unglossed**; deciphered by key: "[…tate vestra Franciscus]" (opening `= σ.` unread).

## p4

- L1: [Kendi] {34}. Proh dolor [nullus] [motus] — signs `6 2 P T2 Π` (gloss "Kendi": K e n d i, fits);
  numeral **34** (= Transsylvania); clear "Proh dolor"; `P ~ 4 4 C σ` gloss "nullus" (key gives n i l l u s —
  ~ read as i; minor mismatch, probably Λ/C=u misread or scribal); `Ϙ x Ω C σ` gloss "motus" (m o t u s, fits).
- L2: [talis] [in] [hoc] … porro non est dubium [reg-] — signs `Ω Δ 4 Π σ` gloss "talis" (t a l i s, fits);
  `K P Π(#) x 9` gloss "in hoc" (i n h o c, fits); clear "porro non est dubi(um)"; `Ͻ γ B` = r e g (gloss "regno").
- L3: [-no] [nunc] [fuisset] … propterea [est] [hoc] … — `P Θ` = n o; `P C P 9` gloss "nunc" (n u n c, fits);
  `Θ C Π σ σ 2 Ω` gloss "fuisset" (f u i s s e t, fits); clear "propterea"; `2 σ Ω` "est" (fits); `# V 9` "hoc" (fits).
- L4: [ita] [verum] [sicut] Deus [in] [celis(?)] — `K Ω Δ` gloss "ita" (i t a, fits); `C y Ͻ Λ Ϙ` gloss "verum"
  (u e r u m, fits); `σ Π 9 C Ω` gloss "sicut" (fits); clear "Deus"; `K P 9 y 4 C` gloss "in celis(?)"
  (key: i n c e l u -> "in celu[m]/celo"; gloss "celis" does not fit the last sign — mismatch or misread).
- L5: "[Ut]enim(?) mi possim" (?) — clear closing phrase, reading uncertain (letters: "ettemim nu possim"?).
  Then a ruled line.

### Key rows below the rule (sign inventory, with faint pencil letters)
Row 1 (sign : pencil letter): # h · Θ o · Ͻ r · C u · Ϙ m · x o · P n · P (second form) n · Π (pencil "k"/"t"?) ·
Λ m(?) · V o · Ω t · y e · A (no pencil) · M (pencil "e" above) · K (no pencil).
Pencil letters across the row as written: "h o r u m o n n t m o t e" — i.e. the signs are in order of first
appearance in "horum omnium motuum et…" (the letter's opening), not in alphabet order.
Row 2: σ s · Δ a · 0 f/t (pencil looks like "t", probably "f") · ~ i · ꝛ d · ¢ q · π x · L b · ɧ u · B g · 6 k.
All pairs agree with the R1211 key (0=F, ꝛ=D, ¢=Q, π=X, L=B, ɧ=U, B=G, 6=K).

### Docket (bottom right, German)
"Sibenbürgische Ziffern(?) / das ist mit dem / Bischof daselbst / dno Paulo Borne- / mißa"
(Siebenbürgische Ziffer[n], das ist mit dem Bischof daselbst, D[omi]no Paulo Bornemisza). "Borne" underlined
in violet pencil. Last word of line 1 ("Ziffern"/"Ziffer") reading slightly uncertain.

## Summary
- Latin word count (p3 L1–31 + p4 L1–5, clear + deciphered, codes excluded): ≈ 190 words (estimate; many
  lines only partially resolved). Deciphered (bracketed) words: ≈ 95.
- Unglossed cipher runs: p3 L31 whole line (deciphered by key: "…tate vestra Franciscus"); p3 L7 tail
  `Ϙ Δ K 2 σ σ Ω 5 Ω Π σ C` (key: m a i e s s t a t i s u -> "Maiestatis v…"? i.e. covered by "Sacre M^tis"
  gloss); p3 L18 start `2 Ͻ M` (e r e); p3 L22 tail `Δ 4 L γ Π P T2 x Ϙ`; p3 L23 `A Ͻ γ A x σ K Ω … Π` (faint).
  Several of these may carry glosses too faint at this resolution.
- Numeric codes: {27} p3 L11 margin ("{27} [qui nunc sperat ab …] [pro principatu]" — 27 = Petrovics);
  {34} p3 L13 margin ("{34}mia excursiones …" — probably "Transsylvania"); {34} p3 L15 ("insidie poste {34}",
  glossed Transsylvanica); {34} p3 L22 ("[et aliquando] {34} …"); {52} p3 L20 margin ("{52}. [filio] … multa
  milia"; 52 not in key); "52" also inside the L20 run (`4 K . 5 2`, may be letters l i a e); {34} p4 L1
  ("[Kendi] {34}. Proh dolor"); "134" p3 L27 end (uncertain). "0399" on p3 L2 is NOT a code (= "fac…").
- Gloss checks against key (signs -> letters): unicus ✓, author ✓, perniciosa(m) ✓, alliciebat ✓, Episcopatu ✓,
  debere ✓, Hec sunt verba ✓, in conclavi ✓, talis ✓, fuisset ✓, nunc ✓, sicut ✓, motus ✓.
  Mismatches: "nullus" (signs n i l l u s), "in celis" (signs end -u), "residentibus"/"quosdam" were my
  misreadings of the glosses (key gives existentibus, quodam).

reading_p1-2.md

# R1212 reading, pages 1-2 (second, full-resolution pass)

Made from new full-resolution crops `img/c1_*.jpg` (p1) and `img/c2_*.jpg` (p2), with extra zooms
`c1_head.jpg`, `c1_r3x.jpg`, `c1_r3y.jpg`, `c1_14z.jpg`, `c1_marg1/2.jpg`. The first pass is
`transcription_p1-2.md`.

Conventions: clear words as written, with abbreviations expanded; [word] = deciphered from the signs with key
R1211; `{24}` = numeric code; (?) = uncertain; ~~x~~ = struck; `/g: …/` = the interlinear gloss, given only
where it differs from the sign reading. Every bracketed word was deciphered from the signs and then compared
with the gloss.

## Continuous reading

### Page 1

D[omi]no … Thur[zo?] Prim[ati?] (heading; top edge cut, see note 1)
[horum] [omnium] [mot(uum)] (signs ϘvΩ = *mot*, abbreviated; /g: motuu(m)/)

Commendavi hactenus semper V[estrae] Sacr[atissim]ae M[aies]t[a]t[i](?) hominem de bonis omnibus, quibus omne
de[…](?), insigni(?) [per]|[fidia] [acusare] [debeo] /signs d-e-b-o/ [merito]. Nullus(?) enim alius [causa]
[est] [istius] [tumultus] [nisi] /g: read *nostri* in pass 1/ [Franciscus] [Kendi], [ter] [perfidus]; [ipse]
/g: ipse; pass 1 "esse"/ ad hoc [induxit] [Antonium] [Kendi] [et] [Melchiorem] [Balassa] [alios]que [non]
[multos] [ex] [nobilibus], et [??] (two signs, unread) ~~Copia~~ ~~instructa pro certo~~ [fecit] /signs f-c-i-t;
pass 1 "ferit"/. [autem] [perfidus] [homo] /signs h-o-m-o, h drawn as barred Π/ [hanc] /pass 1 "sanc"/
[prodicionem] ex [pusillanimitate] (~~ꝛy~~ corrected to Ωy). Dij(?) bene [sua] et [desperacione] [nimia]
terra celumque(?) plena [obruant] [hunc] bene [maledictum] /g: maledicti/ [proditorem] Copiae [qui]
[perdidit] [hoc] Regnum a M[aiesta]te V[est]ra sacra(?), malo(?) omen, [nemo] [alius] {24} {15} et {10}
ultra portam [solicitantur] [ut] [in] [hoc] [regnum] [veniant], porro proh dolor. Haec V[est]rae
Sacr[atissim]ae M[aiesta]ti brevibus perscripsi sed vere, in qua re nullum est dubium. {41}.{70}.{55}.{78}.{18}
interfecti(?) sunt, adhuc ad Sacram M[aiesta]tem V[est]ram [expectant] /g: expectam/ q[…](?) recursiones
[auxilium] a [sacra] [Maiestate] praesidium [vestras](?) sine ordine; [sed] [non] [diu], neque(?) [si]
[gentes] [plures] [nunc] [adessent] [cum] [bono] [Capitaneo], propterea vulnus adhuc [sanabile] [esset].

### Page 2

… feliciter Regia M[aies]tas [dicam] [iterum] [quod] [solus] [Franciscus] [Kendi] [perdidit] [regnum] [a]
[Maiestate] bene [Vestra] ligna nec non, [nemo] [alius]. Profligati sunt hostes. [hoc] [ita] [verum] [est]
[sicut] [Evangelium] etenim [Christi]. Sine ordine nequaquam; [absque] [eius] [consilio] [nihil] [fit] [in]
[hoc] [regno]; ergo [ipse] [alios] [hos] [tumultus] [excitare] [inflammavit] /g: inflamare/, [alias] [non]
[evenisset] /g: evenissent/ manifestum excidium. [quamvis] [horribiles] [querelae] [contra] [insolentiam]
[militum] Transflumen [Vaiuodarum] [passim] [fuere] ~~Deti~~ [de] [virginum] [tenerarum] ~~Defta~~
[defloracionibus] [et] [hoc] [in] [publica] [trium] [nacionum] [presente] [conventu], in posterum non est
dubium, [multae] [coniugatarum] [violaciones]. Profligati sunt hostes; [ultra] [alia] [spolia] [multa],
proh dolor, [quae] [enumerare] [homo] ~~no~~ [non] [possit] Transflumen.

## Resolution of the first pass's doubts

**Gloss/sign mismatches**
- p1 **esse** → the signs are Π A σ y = **ipse**, and the gloss itself reads *ipse*: "Franciscus Kendi ter
  perfidus; ipse ad hoc induxit…". No mismatch.
- p1 **debeo**: the signs are ꝛ(with a cross-stroke) y L x = d-e-b-o. One *e* is not enciphered (or the
  crossed ꝛ is an abbreviation). The gloss *debeo* is right.
- p1 **nostri** → the signs are P K σ Π = **nisi**, which makes the sentence work: "nullus enim alius causa est
  istius tumultus nisi Franciscus Kendi". The gloss is probably *nisi* too, written cramped.
- p1 **homo**: the first sign is a Π with a crossbar, and the same sign stands for h in *hanc*
  (Π̄ΔP9), *hunc* (Π̄CP9), *hoc* (Π̄x9, p2) and *hos*. So in this hand the barred Π is the key's # (h):
  **homo** = h-o-m-o, exact. p2 *homo* is Π̄ Ϙ v = h-m-o, with one o left out.
- p2 **querela** → the signs are Ҁ y Ɔ y 4 y = q-e-r-e-l-e (u after q not enciphered) = **querelae**. The gloss
  dropped the -e.
- p2 **insolentiam**: K P σ v 4 y P 9 Π Ϙ = i-n-s-o-l-e-n-c-i-m. The a is left out and the word is spelled
  with c. Read *insolenciam*.
- p2 **dicam**: ꝛ Π 9 A Ϙ. The 4th sign is a heavily inked Δ (a) whose stroke runs past the base, not the key's A=p. Read **dicam**.
- p2 **iterum**: Π Ω y Ɔ C Ϙ = i-t-e-r-u-m (6/6). Pass 1's "9" is the dotted Ɔ, and its final φ is Ϙ.
- p2 **fit**: o x Ω = f-(x)-t. p2 **nihil** also has x where i is expected (P x Π̄ Π 4). In this hand x
  stands in for other vowels as well: *tumultos* (x for u, p2), *coniugat-x-rum* (x for a). It looks like a
  scribal habit. It is not a separate key value.
- p2 **evenissent** → the signs are y (overwritten C?) P ~ σ σ y Ω = e-[v]-n-i-s-s-e-t = **evenisset**
  (singular, one e dropped). Pass 1 read the ~ (i) as x.
- p2 **inflammare** → the signs are Π P o Ɔ Ϙ 5 C Π Ω = i-n-f-(r for l)-m-a-v-i-t = **inflam(m)avit**. The
  gloss has *inflamare*, but the signs and the syntax ("ipse alios … excitare inflammavit") both give the
  perfect.
- p1 **L1 "motuum"**: the signs are Ϙ v Ω = m-o-t. The word breaks off at the line end, and the gloss is
  *motuu(m)* (pass 1 read "molem"). So it is an abbreviated **motuum**: "horum omnium motuum".
- p1 **maledicti** (gloss) → the signs are ϘΔ4yꝛ | Π9Ω C Ϙ = **maledictum**. The looped sign that pass 1
  took for a stray is Ϙ, and "σ" is this hand's open C. That gives "hunc … maledictum proditorem".
- p1 **obruant**: θ L Ɔ C 3 P Ω. The C (u) is drawn σ-like, as in *maledictum*, so the reading fits exactly.
- p1 **Melchiorem**: Ϙ y 4 6 Π̄ θ Ɔ y Ϙ = m-e-l-(6)-h-o-r-e-m. 6 stands for c (the Kendi k-sign), and i is left out.
- p1 **hoc** (l.18): 6 x 9, with 6 for h. 6 therefore serves both k and h/c in this hand.

**Unglossed short runs**
- p1 l.9 **"AA"** after *et*: two signs shaped like 4 or A, partly overwritten by *Copia*, which is itself
  struck. They are **unread**: probably an abandoned start, like the struck *instructa pro certo* that
  follows.
- p1 l.10 **"o"/9ΔΩ** → the signs are o 9 Π Ω = f-c-i-t = **fecit** (e not enciphered). The gloss read
  "ferit" is *fecit*. The run is Π, not Δ.
- p1 l.11 **σΔP9** → the first sign is the barred Π (h): Π̄ Δ P 9 = **hanc**. The gloss read "sanc" is *hanc*.
- p2 l.12 **trailing sign** → this is Ω, the **t of trium**, which runs over the line break (Ω | ƆΠCϘ). So
  the word is *publica*, not *publicae*.

**Code 41.?.55.78.18**: the second number is **70**. In both the text and the margin column (`c1_marg2.jpg`)
its first figure has the same closed-top 7 as *78*, and it has no dot. The *10* of "15 et 10" (l.17), by
contrast, is written with a dotted i-shaped 1.

**Words on the wrong line in pass 1**
- p1 rows 2-3: the row under *Commendavi…hominem* is **clear text** in the main hand: "de bonis omnibus,
  quibus omne de[…], insigni(?)". It ends with AyƆ [per]. The cipher row below it is fidia · acusare · debeo
  · merito. *merito* belongs to that row, not to row 4.
- p1 rows 6-7: "ter perfidus **ipse** ad hoc | induxit Antonium Kendi et …". Pass 1 put "esse" before
  "ad hoc" and out of order.
- p1 rows 13-15: "hunc bene maledict|**um** proditorem Copiae **q|ui** perdidit hoc Regnum". Pass 1 misread
  the first sign of row 15 (Π = the i of *qui*) and left *qui* unciphered.
- p2 rows 9-10: pass 1 put *querelae contra insolentiam* on a line after *militum Transflumen*. The signs sit
  on one row, so the order is "**querelae contra insolentiam militum** Transflumen Vai|uodarum passim fuere…".
- p2 row 3: *Maiestate* is Ϙ5Πyσ Ω Δ Ω y, where the narrow Ω is the one that looks like 2. It is not the ꝛ-form.

**Heading and opening lines (p1)**
1. The top line is cut by the page edge. It reads "D[.]  ꝭ … Thur. Prim." and is most likely an address,
   "D[omi]no … Thur[zo] Prim[ati]"(?). The middle word is lost. Then comes the enciphered
   "[horum] [omnium] [mot(uum)]", perhaps a subject line.
2. "Commendavi hactenus semper V[est]rae Sacr[atissim]ae M[aies]t[a]t[i] hominem". There is a superscript *a*
   over Sacr and *as* over Mt. A small "Illmi(?)" is smudged at the left above row 3.
3. "de bonis omnibus, quibus omne de[…](?), insigni(?) per-". The word read "missimi" in pass 1 is "n̄ ſigni",
   most likely *insigni* ("insigni perfidia"). *omne de…* is not resolved; it may be *omne debet*.

Other clear-text notes. *Dij* (p1 l.12) follows a struck "2ij" and is probably *Dii* ("may the gods…
overwhelm this cursed traitor"). *bene* appears three times as a clear word (p1 l.12, l.13; p2 l.3). In
"Maiestate bene Vestra" (p2) it looks like a null. "q[…] recursiones" (p1 l.23) is a bare q, perhaps *quae*.
"interfecti(?) sunt" is not certain.

## Counts

Word tokens in the continuous reading, counting a word split across a line once and leaving out struck words:

| | p1 | p2 | total |
|---|---|---|---|
| word tokens (clear + cipher + codes; heading included) | 156 | 99 | 255 |
| numeric codes | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| cipher words | 72 | 70 | 142 |
| – read securely (signs fit, or a known scribal omission) | 69 | 70 | 139 |
| – uncertain | 2 (*vestras*, *mot(uum)*) | 0 | 2 |
| – unread | 1 (the two "AA" signs) | 0 | 1 |

The "uncertain" row covers the cipher only. In the clear text, about 10 words are doubtful: the heading,
*nullus*, *omne de…*, *insigni*, *Dij*, *celumque*, *malo omen*, *sacra*, *interfecti*, *q[…]*.

## Codes with context

- **{24} {15} {10}** (p1 l.16-17): "Regnum a Maiestate Vestra sacra, malo omen, nemo alius **24 15 et 10** ultra
  portam solicitantur ut in hoc regnum veniant". The left margin repeats 24 / 15 / 10.
- **{41}.{70}.{55}.{78}.{18}** (p1 l.21): "in qua re nullum est dubium. **41.70.55.78.18** interfecti(?) sunt,
  adhuc ad Sacram Maiestatem Vestram expectant". The margin column repeats 41 / 70 / 55 / 78 / 18.
- **44** (p1 left margin at l.8, beside *Melchiorem Balassa*): "Siculi vel Saxones 44", a marginal note and not
  part of the text.
- **34 = Transsylvania** and **27 = Petrovics** do not occur on these pages. "3 4 ÷ 5 σ" on p2 l.7 is the
  word *alias*, and the "27" at the right edge of the p2 photo is on the neighbouring leaf.

reading_p3-4.md

# R1212 p3–p4: reading (second pass, full resolution)

Crops: `img/c3_NN{L,R,S}.jpg` (p3 lines 1–31, left/right halves at 1:1 source width, S = both stacked),
`img/c3_x56.jpg`, `img/c3_31L2.jpg`, `img/c4_0N{L,R}.jpg` (p4). Key R1211 as given.

Conventions: clear text as written; `[word]` = cipher run deciphered by me from the signs with the key
(gloss agrees unless noted); `{nn}` = numeric code; `(?)` = uncertain; `[…]` = unread.
Scribal habits found: `~` is used for i and also for u/o (nullus `P ~ 4 4 C σ`, praetextu `…Ω ~`, isto
`…Ω ~`); `Π` and `#` are hard to tell apart (Π often stands where h is required: hoc, hanc, Vasarhel);
x/V (=o) sometimes stand for u (qui `¢ V ~`, nunc `P x P 9`); 9 = c also for t/ct (comiciis, defeccionem,
residencia).

## Continuous reading

**p3**
Practica Thur. Prim. [horum omnium motuum et perniciosarum factionum] feudatar[ius] [unicus author]
Buda [et certissimus est] feliciter [Franciscus] Hungar. [Kendi] […] pro certo [desperatus de defensione]
bene copie instructe [sacre maiestatis vestre] frena equorum [posteaquam intellexerunt] terra recursiones
[arces] [Babolchia(?)] et alias [amissas esse] [qui nunc sperat ab] {27} tehem(?) [vexillum(?)] plura
[pro principatu] {34}nie(?) excursiones [habiturum(?)] prestigiati sunt hostes [et me] [sub quodam
praetextu] insidie poste {34}, [(a)lliciebat blandiciis] [suis in isto] pecunia [Episcopatu debere
permanere] uno tantum defectu [sed quod Albam cederem] [pro] malum omen [residencia] [filio] {52}
multa milia [et ego in arce Gialu residerem] sine ordine [et aliquando Albe in domo] cum
fundamento [Prepositi] palam manifestum excidium [Hec sunt verba Francisci Kendi ad me in Vasarhel sub
comiciis] trans flumen ultra pontem [in conclavi ambobus] tantum [existentibus] signa nec non [si non
constasset] [hanc defeccionem regem a Maiestate vestra Franciscus]

**p4**
[Kendi] {34}. Proh dolor [nullus motus talis in hoc] porro non est dubium [regno nunc fuisset] propterea
[est hoc ita verum sicut] Deus [in celo] / clear closing: "ettenim(?) vi(?) possim" (see L5).

## Line notes (p3)

- L1–L2: `# θ Ͻ C Ϙ` horum; `x Ϙ P Π Λ Ϙ` omnium; `Ϙ V Ω | ɧ Λ Ϙ` motuum (gloss "motuu"); `γ Ω` et;
  `A M Ͻ P Π 9 K V σ Δ Ͻ x Ϙ` p-e-r-n-i-c-i-o-s-a-r-o-m = **perniciosarum** (x for u; the gloss reads
  "perniciosam" — gloss abbreviated/shortened, key gives -arum). L2 end **0399 is not a code**:
  `0 3 9 9(?)` + L3 `v P C Ϙ` = f-a-c-[t?]-…-o-n-u-m = **factionum** (4th sign looks 9/y, probably a
  malformed Ω+Π; gloss "factionum").
- L3: feudatar(ius) clear; `Λ P K 9 C P·` unicu[s] (last sign P/σ); `5 h Ω # V Ͻ` author (h here = u).
  No separate `# V Ͻ` word. Buda clear.
- L4: `M Ω` et; `9 2 Ͻ [t] Π σ σ ~ Ϙ C σ` certissimus; `2 σ Ω` est; feliciter clear; line end `0 Ͻ 5 P`
  fran- → L5 `= 9 ~ σ 9 ⌐ σ` -ciscus (gloss "Franciscus"). "Hungar." is clear text (ink blot after it).
  `β 2 P ꝛ K` = **Kendi** (key, fits gloss). Then `R Ͻ C` with gloss "ias"(?) above — **unread […]**
  (R not in key; perhaps Ꝛ=i: "i r u"?). "pro certo" clear; `ꝛ Y` de- → L6 `σ A Z Ͻ 5 Ω C σ` -speratus
  = **desperatus** (Z = e variant).
- L6: `ꝛ M` = **de**; `ꝛ Y 0 2 P σ Π θ P 2` = **defensione** (fits). The interlinear "3ra/5ra" near the blot
  covers no sign run I can identify (probably a false start; not read). bene clear.
- L7: copie instructe clear; `σ Δ 9 Ͻ 2` sacre; `Ϙ Δ K 2 σ σ Ω 5 Ω Π σ C` m-a-i-e-s-(s)-t-a-t-i-s-u =
  **maiestatis v-** (one superfluous σ); **resolved: not an unglossed run**, gloss "Sacre M^tis" covers it.
- L8: `y σ Ω Ͻ 2` -estre → **vestre** (gloss). frena equorum clear. `A θ σ Ω y Δ ¢ Λ 3 Ϙ K P` =
  p-o-s-t-e-a-q-u-a-m-i-n = **posteaquam in-** (gloss "postea", my first pass "postrema" wrong).
- L9: `Ω y 4 4 M π 2 Ͻ V P Ω` -tellexeront → **intellexerunt** (V for u); gloss reads "intellexerat" —
  key gives the plural. terra recursiones clear. `3 Ͻ 9 2 σ` = **arces** (fits).
- L10: `L Δ L θ 4 9 Π Π ~ 3` b-a-b-o-l-c-(h?)-i-a = **Babolchia(?)** (Babócsa; gloss "Babolcsa"; the double
  Π is probably # = h). et alias clear. `3 Ϙ Π σ σ 5 σ 2 σ` + L11 `σ M` = a-m-i-s-s-a-s-e-s-s-e =
  **amissas esse** (glosses "amissas", "esse").
- L11: margin "27" is a marginal note of the code in the line. `¢ V ~` qui; `P x P 9` nunc; `σ A 2 Ͻ Δ Ω`
  sperat; `3 L` ab; then **{27}** written in the line (`Z 7`, = Petrovics), then clear "tehem…" (reading
  uncertain; perhaps a clear word, not read).
- L12: `C 2 π Π 4 4 ○ ~ Ϙ` = u-e-x-i-l-l-(?)-i-m → **vexillum(?)** by key; the gloss reads "auxilium".
  **Gloss and key differ**: the signs start u-e-x, which fits vexillum ("banner", the sultan's investiture
  flag) better than auxilium; the ○ sign is faint. "plura" clear (reading of the first letters uncertain).
  `A Ͻ x A Ͻ Π P 9 K A 3 Ω` + L13 `C` = **pro principatu** (fits).
- L13: **{34}** + clear "nia"/"mia" = {34}nie → Transsylvanie (gloss "Transsylvanice" = Transsylvanie).
  excursiones clear. `Π L Π Ω ~ Ͻ h Ϙ` ?-b-i-t-u-r-u-m → **habiturum(?)** (gloss read "habitum";
  signs have r-u-m; first sign should be # h). prestigiati sunt clear.
- L14: hostes clear; `γ Ω` et, `~ Ϙ 2` (i)me → **me** (gloss "et me"; ~ superfluous); `σ C L` sub;
  `¢ C x ꝛ 3 Ϙ` **quodam** (gloss "quosdam" was a misreading of "quodam"); `A Ͻ 2 Ω 2 M π` + L15 `Ω ~`
  = p-r-e-t-e-(e)-x-t-u = **praetextu**.
- L15: insidie poste clear, **{34}** (gloss "transsylvanica"), `4 Π 9 K 2 L 3 Ω` l-i-c-i-e-b-a-t.
  **Ambiguity**: `3 4 4 Π 9 K 2 L 3 Ω` read straight is exactly a-l-l-i-c-i-e-b-a-t, i.e. "34" may be
  the first two letters of alliciebat, not the code. The glossator took it as the code (Transsylvanica);
  a comma follows "34". Both given. `L 4 3 P` + L16 `ꝛ Π 9 K ~ σ` = **blandiciis** (fits).
- L16: `σ C ~ σ` **suis**; `K P Π σ Ω ~` **in isto** (~ = o); pecunia clear.
- L17: `γ A Π σ 9 θ A 3 Ω C` **Episcopatu**; `ꝛ γ L 2 Ͻ γ` **debere**; `A Z Ͻ Ϙ 3 P` + L18 `2 Ͻ M` =
  **permanere** — **L18 start resolved** (not a separate run).
- L18: uno tantum defectu clear. `σ 2 ꝛ` (written inside a flourish) = **sed**; `¢ h V ꝛ` **quod**;
  `3 4 L 5` **Alba(m)** (gloss "Albam"; no m-sign).
- L19: `9 y ꝛ M Ͻ Ϙ` **cederem** (one e-sign missing; gloss fits); `A Ͻ x` **pro**; malum omen clear;
  `Ͻ y σ Π ꝛ M` + L20 `P 9 Π 3` = **residencia** (gloss "pro residentia" with "pro" struck through —
  the glossator moved "pro" to its signs before "malum omen").
- L20: `0 ~ 4 K` f-i-l-i = **filio** (gloss; o not written); `. 5 2 .` = **{52}** (code, not in the key;
  margin note "52." repeats it). multa milia clear; `y Ω` et; `Z B V` ego; `K P` in.
- L21: `3 Ͻ 9 2` **arce**; `B ~ Δ 4 C` g-i-a-l-u = **Gialu** = Gyalu (Gilău), the bishops' castle;
  the gloss I read "Jaue" is "Jalu". Then `Ͻ … Π ꝛ y 9 Ϙ` gloss **residerem** (signs partly covered by
  the gloss "Albae"; r-…-i-d-e-?-m, gloss accepted, uncertain). sine ordi- clear.
- L22: "me" at start is **-ne** of ordi-ne (clear). `2 Ω` et; `3 4 Π ¢ C (Δ) P ꝛ V` = a-l-i-q-u-a-n-d-o =
  **aliquando** — **"34" here is not the code**. `Δ 4 L y` **Albe** (gloss "Albe"), `Π P` **in**,
  `ꝛ x Ϙ` + L23 `V` = **domo** — **L22 tail resolved** (gloss "in domo" is written on L21/22).
- L23: cum fundamento clear; `A Ͻ y A x σ K Ω (#) Π` = p-r-e-p-o-s-i-t-(h)-i = **Prepositi** (gloss;
  the faint # is superfluous/struck) — **L23 run resolved**. Its place in the sentence: the gloss belongs
  here, so "[in domo] cum fundamento [Prepositi]" as written. palam clear.
- L24: manifestum excidium clear; `# y 9 σ C P Ω C 2 Ͻ L 3` **Hec sunt verba**.
- L25: `0 Ͻ 3 P 9 K σ 9 Π` **Francisci**; `β 2 P ꝛ Π` **Kendi**; `3 ꝛ Ϙ 2` **ad me**; `K P` **in**.
- L26: `C 3 σ Δ Ͻ #(Π) 2 4` = **Vasarhel** (Marosvásárhely; gloss "Vasarhel", first-pass "Valarfel");
  `σ C L 9 x Ϙ Π 9 K ~ σ` s-u-b-c-o-m-i-c-i-i-s = **sub comiciis** (gloss "sub Comitiis").
- L27: trans flumen ultra pontem clear; `Π P 9 θ P 9 4 3 C ~` **in conclavi**; line end **"134" is not a
  code**: `|` (stroke) + `3 Ϙ` = a-m, start of **ambobus** → L28 `L V.` b-o (bus not written in signs;
  gloss "ambobus").
- L28: tantu(m) clear (gloss repeats "tantu"); `y π K σ Ω M P Ω Π L C σ` **existentibus** (gloss;
  "residentibus" first pass wrong). signa clear.
- L29: nec non clear; `σ Π` si; `P V P` non; `9 x P … Ω Δ σ σ y Ω` c-o-n-…-t-a-s-s-e-t = **constasset**
  (the middle signs read P 9 K, not s: uncertain); `Π 3 P 9` **hanc** (Π for #).
- L30: `ꝛ M 0 2 9 9 Π V P 2 Ϙ` d-e-f-e-c-c-i-o-n-e-m **defeccionem**; `Ͻ 2 B Ϙ` **regem**; `Δ` **a**;
  `Ϙ 3 Π 2 =` + L31 `σ Ω 5 Ω M` **Maiestate**.
- L31: `C y σ Ω Ͻ 5` **vestra** (gloss "vestra" is present, faint); `0 Ͻ Δ P 9 Π σ 9 C σ` **Franciscus**
  (gloss present). **L31 is glossed after all** and fully read; no `= σ.` residue unread.

## Line notes (p4)

- L1: `6 2 P ꝛ Π` Kendi; **{34}**. Proh dolor clear; `P ~ 4 4 C σ` **nullus** (~ = u); `Ϙ x Ω C σ` motus.
- L2: `Ω Δ 4 Π σ` talis; `K P Π x 9` in hoc; porro non est dubium clear; `Ͻ y B` + L3 `P θ` **regno**.
- L3: `P C P 9` nunc; `θ C Π σ σ 2 Ω` fuisset; propterea clear; `2 σ Ω` est; `Π V 9` hoc.
- L4: `K Ω Δ` ita; `C y Ͻ Λ Ϙ` verum; `σ Π 9 C Ω` sicut; Deus clear; `K P 9 y 4 θ` = i-n-c-e-l-o =
  **in celo** (key); gloss reads "in celis" — **gloss and key differ** (last sign θ = o).
- L5: clear closing "ettenim(?) vi(?) possim" — letters: e-t-t-e-m/n-i-m, then "vi"/"ui"/"mi", "possim",
  followed by a bracket stroke. Not securely read; likely "[…] possim" ("etenim ut possim"?). Unresolved.

## Counts

Tokens counted from the continuous reading (codes counted separately):

- Total word tokens: **194** (clear 62, cipher-bracketed 132).
- Cipher tokens read securely (key and gloss agree, or key alone clear): **118**.
- Uncertain (key and gloss differ, or signs partly unclear): **12** — perniciosarum (gloss -am),
  intellexerunt (gloss -erat), Babolchia, vexillum/auxilium, habiturum/habitum, (a)lliciebat, Alba(m),
  residerem, constasset, filio, in celo/celis, factionum (4th sign).
- Unread: **2** cipher items — `R Ͻ C` after Kendi (p3 L5, gloss "ias"?) and the first-pass "3ra" gloss
  near the blot (L6, no signs found); clear uncertain: "tehem…" (L11), "plura" (L12), p4 L5 phrase.
- Codes: {27} p3 L11 (Petrovics, also in margin); {34} p3 L13 ({34}nie = Transsylvanie), p3 L15
  (or letters "al" of alliciebat — ambiguous), p4 L1 (Transsylvania); {52} p3 L20 (not in key; margin
  "52." repeats it). Not codes: "0399" (p3 L2 = fac-), "34" p3 L22 (= al- of aliquando), "134" p3 L27
  (= stroke + am- of ambobus).

R1212_reading.md

<!-- Reading of R1212 (Claude Opus 5.5, 23 Oct 2026), built from reading_p1-2.md and reading_p3-4.md (sign-by-sign decipherment with key R1211, checked against the contemporary interlinear gloss). The letter is a "Practica": clear Latin scraps interleaved with runs of graphic signs. The text below is the enciphered message, the cipher runs in their order; clear words are given in ⟨ ⟩ only where the sentence runs on through them (on p. 1 the opening and closing clear sentences belong to the message). Clear scraps that recur as filler and break the syntax (Copiae, malo omen, Profligati sunt hostes, sine ordine, manifestum excidium where not the subject, Transflumen, recursiones, frena equorum, terra recursiones, uno tantum defectu, multa milia, cum fundamento, etc.) are left out here; they are all in the two decryption files. Spelling as the signs give it; abbreviations expanded; {nn} = number code not in the key (34 = Transsylvania, 27 = Petrovics are keyed); [?word] = uncertain; […] = unread. -->

# R1212, Pál Bornemisza to Ferdinand I, Transylvania [c. 1556]: reading of the enciphered message

## Reading

### Page 1

⟨Domino … Thur. Prim.⟩ Horum omnium motuum.

⟨Commendavi hactenus semper Vestrae Sacratissimae Maiestati hominem de bonis omnibus, quibus omne de[…], insigni⟩ perfidia acusare debeo merito. ⟨Nullus enim alius⟩ causa est istius tumultus nisi Franciscus Kendi, ter perfidus; ipse ⟨ad hoc⟩ induxit Antonium Kendi et Melchiorem Balassa alios⟨que⟩ non multos ex nobilibus, ⟨et⟩ […]. Fecit autem perfidus homo hanc prodicionem ⟨ex⟩ pusillanimitate sua et desperacione nimia. ⟨Dij⟩ obruant hunc maledictum proditorem qui perdidit hoc ⟨Regnum a Maiestate Vestra⟩, nemo alius. {24} {15} ⟨et⟩ {10} ⟨ultra portam⟩ solicitantur ut in hoc regnum veniant. ⟨Haec Vestrae Sacratissimae Maiestati brevibus perscripsi sed vere, in qua re nullum est dubium.⟩ {41} {70} {55} {78} {18} ⟨[?interfecti] sunt; adhuc ad Sacram Maiestatem Vestram⟩ expectant auxilium ⟨a⟩ sacra Maiestate [?vestras], sed non diu. Si gentes plures nunc adessent cum bono Capitaneo, ⟨propterea vulnus adhuc⟩ sanabile esset.

### Page 2

Dicam iterum quod solus Franciscus Kendi perdidit regnum a Maiestate Vestra, nemo alius. Hoc ita verum est sicut Evangelium Christi. Absque eius consilio nihil fit in hoc regno; ergo ipse alios hos tumultus excitare inflammavit, alias non evenisset ⟨manifestum excidium⟩. Quamvis horribiles querelae contra insolentiam militum Vaiuodarum passim fuere de virginum tenerarum defloracionibus, et hoc in publica trium nacionum presente conventu, multae coniugatarum violaciones; ultra alia spolia multa, ⟨proh dolor⟩, quae enumerare homo non possit.

### Page 3 (Practica)

Horum omnium motuum et perniciosarum factionum unicus author et certissimus est Franciscus Kendi […], desperatus de defensione sacre maiestatis vestre, posteaquam intellexerunt arces Babolchia et alias amissas esse; qui nunc sperat ab {27} [?vexillum] pro principatu {34}[?nie] [?habiturum]. Et me sub quodam praetextu [?al]liciebat blandiciis suis in isto Episcopatu debere permanere, sed quod Albam cederem pro residencia filio {52}, et ego in arce Gialu [?residerem], et aliquando Albe in domo Prepositi. Hec sunt verba Francisci Kendi ad me in Vasarhel sub comiciis, in conclavi ambobus ⟨tantum⟩ existentibus. Si non [?constasset] hanc defeccionem regem a Maiestate vestra Franciscus

### Page 4

Kendi {34}, nullus motus talis in hoc regno nunc fuisset; est hoc ita verum sicut Deus in celo.

R1212_en.md

<!-- English translation of R1212_reading.md (Claude Opus 5.5, 23 Oct 2026): the enciphered message of R1212, deciphered sign by sign with key R1211 and checked against the contemporary interlinear gloss. Words in ⟨ ⟩ are in clear in the letter; the filler clear scraps left out of the reading are left out here too. {nn} = unidentified number code; {34} = Transylvania and {27} = Petrovics in the key. -->

# R1212, Pál Bornemisza to Ferdinand I, Transylvania [c. 1556]: English translation

### Page 1

⟨To the Lord … Thur. Prim.⟩ Of all these disturbances.

⟨I have hitherto always commended to Your Most Sacred Majesty a man in all good things, of which all […]; of signal⟩
perfidy I must deservedly accuse him. ⟨For no other⟩ is the cause of this uprising but Francis Kendi, three times
a traitor; he himself ⟨to this end⟩ induced Antal Kendi and Menyhért Balassa ⟨and⟩ a few others of the nobles, ⟨and⟩
[…]. But the treacherous man committed this treason ⟨out of⟩ his own cowardice and excessive despair. ⟨May the gods⟩
overwhelm this cursed traitor, who has lost this ⟨kingdom to Your Majesty⟩, no one else. {24} {15} ⟨and⟩ {10}
⟨beyond the gate⟩ are being solicited to come into this kingdom. ⟨I have written this to Your Most Sacred Majesty
briefly but truly; there is no doubt in the matter.⟩ {41} {70} {55} {78} {18} ⟨[?have been killed]; still, to Your Sacred
Majesty,⟩ they await help ⟨from⟩ the Sacred Majesty [?vestras], but not for long. If more troops were
here now with a good captain, ⟨the wound would therefore still⟩ be curable.

### Page 2

I will say again that Francis Kendi alone has lost the kingdom to Your Majesty, no one else. This is as true as the
Gospel of Christ. Without his counsel nothing is done in this kingdom; therefore he himself inflamed the others to
stir up these disturbances; otherwise ⟨the manifest ruin⟩ would not have come about. Although there have been
horrible complaints everywhere against the insolence of the voivodes' soldiers, about the deflowering of tender
virgins, and this in the presence of the public assembly of the three nations, many violations of married women;
besides many other plunderings, ⟨alas⟩, which no man could enumerate.

### Page 3 (Practica)

Of all these disturbances and pernicious factions the sole and most certain author is Francis Kendi […], despairing
of the defence of Your Sacred Majesty after they understood that the castles of Babolchia and others had been lost;
who now hopes to have from {27} the [?banner] for the principality of {34}[?nie] [Transylvania]. And under a certain
pretext he [?en]ticed me with his blandishments, saying that I ought to remain in this bishopric, but that I should
cede Alba as a residence to the son of {52}, and I should [?reside] in the castle of Gialu, and sometimes at Alba in the
Provost's house. These are the words of Francis Kendi to me at Vásárhely during the diet, in a private room, the two
of us ⟨alone⟩ being present. If Francis

### Page 4

Kendi {34} had not [?made certain of] this defection, the king (sic) from Your Majesty, no such movement would now have
occurred in this kingdom; this is as true as God in heaven.